Formal and Informal Communication free essay sample

Formal and informal communication structures in the organization In order for order there to be effective communication in the organization there have to be good balance of formal and informal communication in the organization. Informal and formal communications are different in many ways but both exist in organizations. They both have their advantages and disadvantages but as we are about to discuss you will see why the organization cannot function without either one of them. Formal communication occurs when person in the organization communicate using formal channels of the organization structure along the lines of authority established by the management. Matters under this communication are official and to the point. Things are done using pacific procedures and rules which must be followed. Informal communication on the other hand is much less official and rule driven. It is related to the social needs of the employee, does not follow the authoritarian line, employee communicate under more casual situations, usually although not always oral. We will write a custom essay sample on Formal and Informal Communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are many different type and forms of formal and informal communication, let us take a look at a few of them. Departmental meetings, conferences, telephone calls (for business use), company news bulletins, special interviews and special purpose publications are forms of formal communication. The most common form of informal communication is the grapevine. Gossip, rumors and other unofficial information passes through the grapevine and it give the employees a chance to express personal feels like or dislikes in the organization. The structure or the way in which communication flows is also important to the effectiveness communication in the organization. In formal communication there are four main types. These include upward, downward and horizontal. Downwards flow of communication means that the message is being sent from higher levels like managers or supervisors to person in the lower levels like subordinates in the organizational hierarchy. Upward flow of communication is the opposite instead of the message coming from a person in authority it comes from the subordinate and goes to the authority figure and continues up the organizational hierarchy. Horizontal or lateral flow of communication involved the persons who are communicating to be on the same level, whether it be subordinates on the same level or managers on the same level. This is opposite of vertical flow of communication which involves the persons communicating to be on different levels An informal communication structure used relaxed communication channels that are not specifically used for organizational information. The four categories in informal communication structure are scheduled, intended, opportunistic, and spontaneous Communication. Scheduled is when a group of employee plan to have a discussion on an informal level. Intended somewhat like scheduled but less complex. Opportunistic is like when an employee sees someone and remembers to talk to that person on a matter. Spontaneous is when two or more employees meet by chance, starts having a conversation and it develops into deeper discussion. Earlier we mention advantages and disadvantages of formal and informal communications. Although both form of communication have disadvantages if there is a proper balance between the two then each can come support each other for the benefit of the organization. Formal communication is if official and so most likely to be obeyed while informal is questioned. Formal has fewer misunderstandings then informal. The origin of the message is easier to fine in formal communication then in informal communication. Informal encourages more interaction between parties, no so much with formal communications. Informal communication unites workers which promotes cooperation and team work. Whatever disadvantages formal communication may have, informal communication has an advantage to support it. In the same way the disadvantages of informal communication are supports by the advantages of formal communication. In the end it is about having the right amount formal communication together with the right amount of informal communication.

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W 2 Legal Environment of Business' Discussion Essay

W 2 Legal Environment of Business' Discussion - Essay Example But to guard against liabilities, or at least major liabilities, health care professionals have often purchased malpractice insurance to protect themselves against patients who may press legal charges for being harmed by physician’s negligence. In this paper, the argument as to whether or not malpractice damages should be limited when gross negligence is proven is discussed. The paper there serves as a recommendation paper on the way forward for the health care sector in securing legal protection against their actions. As noted in the article by Svorny (2011), there is the need for massive policy analysis on the malpractice insurance used by health practitioners. This is because over the years, there have been studies to suggest that some health care practitioners are indeed hiding under the cover of these insurances to provide less quality services to patients (Svorbey, 2011). Meanwhile, the health of patients must always be made to come ahead of any interests that are served to protect the care giver. This is not to say however that health providers must be totally infallible. However, where issues of risks are posed to patients as a result of proven negligence, such practices cannot be accepted and defended. By this provision, a call for forensic workplace based investigations that can determine the circumstances under which health risks are posed to patients is recommended. Svorny (2011) indeed lamented that because of the presence of malpractice insurance, very few cases of malpractice result in damages. The reason this is so is that â€Å"in most cases of negligence the damages are minimal† (Svony, 2011, p. 2). This means that limiting malpractice damage defeat the quest for patients to press home for their lives to be protected. As a way of balancing the argument for all interested parties, it will be recommended that there should

Eassy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Eassy - Essay Example This paper shall compare non-profit and profit healthcare organizations particularly focusing on the following aspects of these organizations: mission and purpose, organizational structure and scope, governance and oversight, leadership styles, expectations and accountability, compensation practices, strategic planning and budgeting processes, stewardship and fiscal responsibility, ethical challenges and dilemmas, investor relations, community benefit, social responsibility and stakeholder responsibility, potential impact of health reform on organizational initiatives, environment and organizational culture, and performance improvement and effectiveness – quality measures and indicators. These parameters shall provide a clear picture of distinctions in the application of these two types of organizations. Discussion The main distinction between the profit and the non-profit organizations is that one organization is driven by profit and the other is not driven by profit. More sp ecific differences shall be discussed below. Mission and Purpose Non-profit healthcare organizations have basically an altruistic and non-monetary mission and purpose. Drucker (in Cox, p. ... 2). The mission of non-profit health organizations is not to maximize profits, but to serve the members of the community where it is physically located, providing the members of the community the best healthcare services they can offer (Cleverley, et.al., p. 8). On the other hand, for profit organizations have more financially-related purposes. Its goal of earning profits is mostly sought for distribution to its investor-owners or for reinvestment to the organization for the long-term benefit of these investors (Cleverley, et.al., p. 8). In effect, for profit organizations are usually owned by investors, whereas non-profit organizations are owned by entire communities; and while non-profit organizations seek to benefit the community, the for-profit healthcare organizations aim to benefit its owners and investors. Money contributed to the organization are given with the hope of doubling or earning more profits, whereas, money given or invested to nonprofit organizations are not expect ed to make profits, but they are expected to serve the larger community. The growth in the organization is actually stated in terms of growth, efficiency, and quality; whereas, the mission for non-profit organizations are stated in terms of charity and community service, alongside growth (Gray and Institute of Medicine, p. 6). Organizational Structure and Scope Organizational structures specify the roles and responsibilities of individuals which are tasked with pursuing and fulfilling the goals of the organization (Zietlow, et.al., p. 5). Assigned individuals include the board of directors/board of trustees, committees, staff, officers, outside contractors,

Ethics and Social Responsibility Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics and Social Responsibility - Case Study Example Whereas a typical retail outlet occupies a floor plan of over 4500 square feet, Nau is able to squeeze its product offerings into a minimal 2700 square feet; sometimes even less if one considers the kiosks (to be discussed next) as stores (DesMarteau, 2007). Furthermore, the firm has also allocated 5% of all proceeds to be donated to charities that work to save and protect the environment. The firm refers to this practice as â€Å"aggressive altruism† and notes that most other firms consider 1% donated to charities to be the â€Å"gold standard† (Salkever, 2008). Although this serves to effect a higher price for the customers, it is doubtless that Nau has performed extensive market research and has determined that the target demographic it is appealing to finds this â€Å"aggressive altruism† to be a unique and endearing concept of how the firm does business. Additionally Nau has employed the use of internet kiosks in which customers can try on an array of different clothing and then purchase it from a self serve internet enabled kiosk. This serves to drastically reduce necessary floor space as well as reduce the costs associated with having employees attending to the needs of each and every customer (O’Connell, 2007). However, this practice is not without its unique drawbacks as will be analyzed in the preceding paragraph. It should be noted that although this has the benefit of providing the product to the customer at a lower cost and at a lower environmental impact, the tangential affect of this is that fewer jobs are available to the local economy. Therefore the increased profitability is not injected back into the community as with other similar retailers. Instead, this extra money that is saved on the general lack of store employees most likely finds its way into an increased bottom line for the firm. Although this may seem to be an unimportant

The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Bureaucratic Organisations Information Technology Essay

The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Bureaucratic Organisations Information Technology Essay Background to change (P1) Change is the alteration of an organizations environment structure technology, or people with regards to the global market. Moreover change is a reality for any organization. Thus change can be considered as an engine or powerful force which controls the economy of the country. Moreover it is like a new project building contractor or the rehabilitation maker or modifier of old projects and this change acts as the lifeblood of any successful business. The power of change is considered as most pervasive and subtle due to its effect on the business. jobs and other daily life processes. While it is easily taken into account in the world of physical changes like construction etc, we often fail to justify other concurrent effects of changes in the business, industry or even in our daily lives. So if we fail to adjust or recognise these forces of these changes these can lead towards productivity, lower efficiency and profitability and ineffectiveness which are pers onal. The intension of this section is to put few concepts about handling this change process. So in the business environmental aspects organizations undergo changes more frequently that ever before. These changes are a result of the factors that effect the quality and dimension of the performance of the company .Merging, acquisition, application of new technologies are a few parameters which can lead to the growing need of uncertainty in an organization. thus change is taken as the important step towards the decision of the top level of the management of organization and also the most ongoing, frequent process in an successful organization. Again less involvement of change process can effect the development of the organization. Thus change process actually boost the organization to regularize its balance within its workplace with the help of analyzing and studying the reaction of the workforce to find out their reaction and use method to handle them in future. The main reacting for ces that make the ground for change come from various sources. In present years the market place has affected firms. Technology also creates the need for changes. In this present century the global world of internet, e-commerce have brought in various changes in the mode of the communication and also the selling of the products. The so called Managers are fond of saying that change is the only constant in their work. We can derive that either we manage change or we are managed by change. Managing change is thus defined as the planning and organizing of sequence of activities (staff meetings, informal conferences, memos, retreats, etc.), that promote administrative and staff interaction which move towards desirable changes in policies, programs, organizational culture, physical environment, procedures, or relationships. These changes in companies often lead to more cost-effective operations, efficient, better morale or improved services. In the case of In the case of Tech Mahindra we can see the changes in the current organizational policies. Tech Mahindra is a business transformation, global systems integrator and consulting firm focused on the telecommunication industry. With the merging technology of media and telecom, the changing portfolio of the telecom industry is becoming extremely competitive area. As companies rapidly strive to gain a competitive advantage, Tech Mahindra helps companies innovate and transform by leveraging its unique insights, differentiated services and flexible partnering models. This has helped customers to reduce operating costs and generate new revenue streams. Recognizing that margins from connectivity are rapidly falling and that future growth in revenues and margins will only come from new applications, content and services, operators today are busy addressing business opportunities revolving around Commerce, Content, Convergence and Customer Experience to gain a sustainable Competi tive Advantage- tech mahindra. Strengths and weaknesses of bureaucratic organisations (P2) In the case of any Bureaucratic organization the lack of its innovative power is the main disadvantage. Here most of the processes and tasks are so much fixed that there is no time so innovation process is almost eliminated in bureaucratic organizations. Employees get demoralized as a result of lesser employee participation and involving in any process transformation. Human resource is not utilized in the fullest manner by optimizing creativity which is the prime disadvantage in bureaucratic structure of the organizations. Again Advantages include the increased control and monitoring of upper level  management. It is the fact that the success of the organizations depends upon the wise decisions of top management. So if the top management is good, then results can be favourable and if the top management is not good then it can result in disaster. We can be argue on the fact that bureaucracies do fail on many forms as they embrace revolutionary ideologies, they fail even to provide t heir original service, they monopolize discursive space, they waste resources , they often act as though they are above the law, they distrust the democratic impulse, they eventually subvert the societys values in which they operate. We can still say that the main advantage of a bureaucracy is that its clear, unequivocal level of deterioration alerts intelligent observers to the clear fact that a structural weakness has emerged in society. Forms of organisational development (P3) As in the case of Tech Mahindra we see a wide change in the new technological applications in the Information technology department and the required system which helps in the advanced floe of data and communication of the company which is a most interesting fact in the company. The use of Information technology will concentrate on the knowledge and growth of the employees with respect to the systems and information technology. This fact will look after the utilization of the IT related hardware and software implementations of new innovation with respect to the IT systems and computers. These changes will follow by the detailed training of the associated employees in the use of modern technologies and IT systems which will enhance their productivity and make them familiar with the functions and their job role. Introduction of these new technologies will focus on the recruitment of new employees with experience of these modern technologies who will be a better asset for the company. As there is no wrong or right thing with regard to reaction towards the change process but there are things which must be undertaken to coordinate the employees to help them to familiarise with this process and make themselves interested in much positive ways? So managers have to understand the feelings of their staffs and allow them to express opinions and their related difficulties in the change process. hence the managers can explain about the necessity for these changes and give them the idea of what is necessary for them. Managers are in a continuous process of making changes to gain success within the organization but its not the case in every situations where some managers struggle to achieve this success of change management. This is the most common difference in the characters of the people who shuffle around from companies to companies for the sake of job satisfactions and at last gets entangled in a role which is not expected by him and get frustrated out of it and turns to be most inefficient for the position. Although there are many nodes and programs about this change management but unlikely these knowledge can only be critically analysed when put into practice with priorities toward the change undertaken successfully inside the organization. Systems developed for stakeholders in the introduction of change (P4) The process of evaluating the change process and its implementation is an important job for the managers. Mostly manager believe that communicating with the staffs and stakeholder is enough for their job. However their can be many reasons for employees not becoming aware of the fact of changes at the first go. The actual fact is this information should be repeated continuously before it is cemented in their minds. This is mostly as a result of the employees readiness to react towards these facts depends on some factors. Efficient communicators judge these facts what and when a message is delivered. The foremost step toward managing change is creating awareness for the need of these changes and also creating a desire among the stakeholders. Communication with them will be typically constructed keeping in mind to develop business reasons for these changes and the risk associated with not changing. Similarly in each of the steps the level of interaction with the stakeholders should be d esigned to share the right message at the right time. Thus communication planning begins with the analysis of the audience, key facts, and the timing of those messages. Thus the change management team have to construct a communication plan that is focussed on the need of all levels of the organizations like front-line employees, supervisors and executives. Each stakeholder has particular necessities for information based on their role in implementation of these change. Here training in the milestone for the knowledge development related to the change process. So the Team members of the change management have to develop training requirement based on his knowledge, skills and behaviours necessary to implement these changes. These training will be the point of start for the project team towards training program development. There may be lots of approach to guide these changes out of which some are planned and explicit, while others may be unfolding, organic or implicit. Some of the pol icies work from future to the present. These involve forecasting and making plan for achieving these goals. On the other hand there are approaches from present to future like the identification of the current priorities involved and then address those priorities. Lots of people have different opinions and approach towards conducting these changes. In order to justify the changes in the organization and properly and start guiding it in the right direction in order to achieve success the change team should have a wider understanding of the systems, organizational structure and the effort related to this process. These also include the knowledge of the basic terms and the focus of the organization. This also requires the concept of the structure of the company and having knowledge about leadership and management of the organization. From the past we have learnt the use of different tools which is effective in the change management, which helps the managers to successfully understand an d communicate about the organizations. Tools from systems theory and systems thinking especially are a major benefit. Analysing and evaluating these change systems (P5) The more interacting the change agent is working with the stakeholders of the organization, the more successful will be his effort to this change process. For the betterment of the projects it is necessary for the client to be more participative as he might not have the resources towards these participations. Whether there is a internal or any external changes coming into effect the change manager for this project along with all his stakeholders will maximise the priority for this change process and react to it accordingly. It may be a problem within the company or an exciting feature of success. together they will all gather the information , identify the findings, analyse it and derive conclusions from the collected informations. Sometimes the data gathering method is very fast as in case of organizing a large planning meeting. These kind of the inventions are also dependent on the philosophy of the stakeholders and the change managers. As in the case of philosophy of appreciative inquiry the subscribers have the authority to conduct inventions, not only by finding the cause and number of problems in the company but also by organizing interviews to find the focus and necessity of the employees in the organization. Moreover people minimise the necessity of this discovery phase and go for the change management by putting on a comprehensive and ambitious focus for the required change. Many would argue for the fact that this is unethical to organize a project for change management without having the knowledge of the companys current situation. Moreover Focusing most of the change efforts on achieving a robust vision, without at least using some careful discovery, often can be harmful to the organization because the project can end up dealing with symptoms of any current issues, rather than the main causes. Again projects can finish up by putting forward a wonderful vision with the help of motivating others. So when working to facilitate any major changes in an or ganization that already had the history of many issues its always necessary to begin from conducting discoveries importance for these change process. Models for change (P6) Thus the change management is a ongoing process is ongoing process with is concerned with various conditions which impact on the change process. Change is required for the necessity of ongoing experience and learning. In every case there is always something gained that can be put into use in case of future problems. During this process the company interacts with different types of stakeholder with different levels of knowledge and understanding. Managers are aware that its not so easy with coping up with peoples who does not have correct information about these changes. The employees relationship also eventually reflects as this process takes place. The associated fear and reasons for refusal to these changes are also understood. These facts helps the managers to effectively apply the analysis on other stakeholder who may suffer from similar problems in the future. This experience also helps the managers to improve any of his social skill that will be of help in the future. Creation of various plan of action is delighting experience for the managers as they become more systematic towards their planning activities. Moreover some plans are very systematic and comprehensive .while others deal with the expectations of integrating with each other. Thus a manager has to identify the various organizational gaps within the change management process and deliver efficient learning to its employees by Diagnosing employees resistance to change management. Help in employees transition through the change process. Create a successful action plan for personal and professional advancement during change. Develop a change management plan for your employees. Now we will look into the ADKAR model for individual change management which was developed by Prosci. This model describes five required building blocks for change to be realized successfully on an individual level. The building blocks of the ADKAR Model include: Awareness of why the change is needed Desire to support and participate in the change Knowledge of how to change Ability to implement new skills and behaviours Reinforcement to sustain the change While John Kotter has set out an eight-step strategy for change management: Establish a sense of urgency. Create the guiding coalition. Develop a vision and strategy. Communicate the change vision. Empower employees for broad-based action. Generate short-term wins. 7. Consolidate gains and produce more change. 8. Anchor new approaches in the culture. But these are only a model not reality of change and the psychological impacts on a given individual.   The change management model provides a vehicle for use to engage a conversation. As humans learn habits, these habits are formed with the repetition of the same task. Habits are developed to help in coping with the wide range of the available data which are gathered on a daily basis. Any change management process has to take this into account. In order to cope with this variety of process we develop habits which may be in the form of routine like our daily schedule at the start of the day. It is also applicable in the way we communicate with people. But when this organized structure gets changed it has a huge impact in our like style. It is not the case that the chair is placed in different direction or the flooring has a problem but the main issue is the break in the pattern which is imposed on the people. It is definitely a little thing but takes ages to resolve. As human bein g we are more prone to big changes but little things matter a lot to us. When a change process is imposed on us we feel we have little authority to decide for the change to happen and often react negatively. As companies development process we all need to help towards making this process a success. We should not force any change on the people but as a manager our role should be to encourage people to facilitate this change process. Implementation process and outcomes (P7) As the common sense suggest us that the world of technology always strive towards the changes in an organization with an age of competitive market. But we are noticing that Information Technology a powerful tool at modern age which has the capacity of developing new opportunities and options in the field which the organization does business on. The very beginning response from our innovative players was that it drives changes. All these technologies has the capability of transforming from one dimensions to the other at the work atmosphere If we take all these advantage together it behaves like a powerful tool that the organization require to be successful in this global advanced business environment. We will always find that the road ahead is difficult but if we think intensely we will realize nothing is impossible as few years ago the modern medical informatics were a dream to us but now is a part of our daily life as we are so much used to it. Our challenges will always be implemen ted according to our concepts and systems and they will run smoothly as possible, without wasting our available precious opportunities and resources because we ignored the pitfall of managing change.

eBay Powerseller Essay -- essays research papers

The secrets of eBay Power Sellers! How to MAKE MONEY on eBay Use this valuable guide as a MONEY MAKING TOOL. Read it from start to finish over and over. The amount of information and wholesale sources you will find seems overwhelming at first, but don’t be intimidated. Take your time and be patient. It is going to take you several days to check out the sites because there are just so many items to choose from. This guide is updated for 2003 and the resources are used by eBay Power Sellers ALL the time. I have been selling on eBay for some time, almost 3 years now. Almost from the beginning, I wondered how Power Sellers obtain products so cheap that they can sell on eBay and STILL MAKE MONEY. Here are THE ANSWERS. Since eBay has millions of users, I don’t feel it’s going to hurt my business to share this easy to read guide. You’ll find it easy to follow and learn the tips & tricks to selling successfully on eBay along with the very best wholesale sources to get you started. REMEMBER! Read this guide over and over again. Check out all the sites and links. It’s amazing to find that you can buy products at incredibly low prices when you know where to get them at true wholesale. SELLING ON EBAY 1. WHAT TO SELL & HOW DO YOU WANT TO SELL IT: It does not have to be something that you enjoy selling, but it is easier to sell something that you would use yourself and that you believe in. I enjoy selling anything that does not earn me a one way ticket to the dark side in the afterlife, (lol), but will make me a profit in the present life. For starters you can purchase antiques, CDs, and just about anything you can imagine at true wholesale prices, and either list them on e-bay, your own website, take them to the flea-market, or your own retail store and make some real money with them. In fact, there many people around the country who have become a â€Å"Wholesale Supplier† themselves. What I mean by this is that they will get a few sample products, head to the flea market or local convenience stores, mark up their samples 10-15 %, and eureka, they are in business. At that point, all they need to do is keep their clients shelves stocked and count their cash!! I will tell you this a few times throughout this guide and remember it†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Do Not Be Afraid To Talk To People. 2. TIMES TO LIST: Never list your items to end during the day, unless you end them on the weeke... ... you will find top-quality merchandise from your favorite name brand companies! You'll also find a great selection with new products added every day. The products are top quality, just like those in the nation's finest department stores, and they're backed by the warranties you expect. Once you get your feet wet, and want to make some international contacts, go to http://www.globalsources.com , and http://www.allproducts.com . Both of these sites will put you in touch with suppliers from all around the globe. Ok, now for the Free To Sell ebook bonus. Simply click on the link below & save it somewhere easy to find on your computer. It is a virus free download. Simply follow the instructions when you execute the saved file. All you need to do is download the main ebook with this link, then download any other titles you wish from within the main ebook!! It is great!! http://huas.net/dlbin/freetosell6.exe These guide & bonuses are fantastic!! They are going to be very helpful to you. We have never had any complaints on this guide and have had many customers thank us over and over for helping them get their online, or retail business started. BEST OF LUCK AND HAVE FUN!!

Innate Knowledge Locke Essay

The thought that humans are born with some sort of innate ideas has been a much debated topic for many years. It is impossible to say if it is true or not, but it is believed true by many people, including some religions. John Locke has several arguments against innate knowledge; among these, the argument that states that if we did in fact possess innate ideas, then everybody would agree on at least one idea. There are no principles that everybody aggress on. Therefore, innate ideas cannot possibly exist. Locke uses the logic of this argument for several different situations such as the argument for moral innate knowledge. Locke starts off this argument by saying â€Å"No moral principles so clear and so generally received as the fore-mentioned speculative maxims. If those speculative maxims whereof we discoursed in the foregoing chapter, have not an actually universal assent from all mankind, as we there proved it is much more visible concerning practical principles, that they come short of a universal reception; and I think it will be hard to instance any one moral rule which can pretend to so general and ready an assent as, ‘What is, is’, or to be so manifest a truth as this, ‘That it is impossible for the same thing to be and not to be. ’† (pg 26 An Essay Concerning Human Understanding) Some people believe that every person has a set of morals bestowed in them at birth, but Locke argues this by saying that not every person in the world agrees on a set of morals so there is no possible way this could be true. He says that there is not a single moral idea that we can say that everybody in the world agrees to, which eliminates any question of innate knowledge. Descartes would disagree with Locke on the subject of innate ideas. He felt that we did possess these types of ideas and would probably reply to Locke’s argument by saying that although all people may not agree on one moral idea, that doesn’t mean that they do not possess any innate idea, they may possess different ones. Descartes may also respond by saying that it’s God’s will for us to possess these ideas and only he knows why everybody does not agree on a single one. This argument wouldn’t hold up well against Locke’s because it seems that moral ideas are developed depending on the religion or part of the world that a person is raised in. It seems much more plausible that, with humans at least, an infant is a blank slate and is taught everything that it will need to survive. It might be easier for Descartes to argue against animal innate knowledge since animals seem to possess it much more than humans do. Some animals are not even raised by a parent, simply born and left to fend for themselves, but since Descartes also feels animals lack intelligence, I would imagine he would not begin to argue to possibility of them possessing any sort of innate knowledge. On this particular subject, I would side more with Locke than Descartes. Locke addresses some serious issues that arise when suggesting that innate ideas exist. He says that if we did in fact possess innate ideas, then everybody would agree on at least one idea. There are no principles that everybody aggress on. Therefore, innate ideas cannot possibly exist. This seems to be a pretty obvious statement in the world today and since the beginning of time. People have always disagreed on anything they could and will always disagree. It is completely impossible to prove or disprove the existence of innate ideas, but Locke comes much closer to disproving them than anybody else does to proving them. It seems that in order for a person to prove the existence of these ideas, they would also need to prove the existence of a supreme being. The argument for innate knowledge in animals would be much more believable than the argument for innate knowledge in humans. When an infant is born, it is completely helpless; it does not have the power to walk or understand they things around it and it can’t even see more than 12 inches in front of its face. I find it hard to believe that anything this helpless could possible have any ideas about morals or anything else in the world. Animals have a sense of survival that humans lack. From the moment they are born, a majority of them learn to walk within minutes or hours, and some are even left by their parents to fend for themselves. This shows the possibility of innate knowledge much more than a human child and if we are all born with any type of agreement on a set or moral principles, why do we have a law we have to enforce? If we did agree on this subject, we would not have to prosecute anybody for breaking any moral code that our society sets for us to follow.

World Regional Geography Arab World and Islamic World

World Regional Geography Arab World and Islamic World Definition of the realm The realm can be described as a dry world containing the expansive Sahara and Arabian deserts. The inhabitants of the region are known to live near water sources. They live along the Mediterranean coastal strip of north-west Africa, eastern Asia and north eastern shores of Mediterranean sea, Nile Delta,Tigris-Euphraites basin, oases and along the mountain slopes of Iran(south of the Caspian sea) and northeast of Turkestan. The people in this region lead a nomadic lifestyle and some carryout sedentary farming along the oases and trade.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on World Regional Geography: â€Å"Arab World† and â€Å"Islamic World† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally the realm covers North Africa and Southwest Asia regions. It is believed to be a center of the ancient civilization that thrived from its river valleys and basins. Out of the â€Å"realms culture, he arths diffused ideas, innovations, technologies that changed the world and also resulted into three world religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam† (Schaefer 289). The natural â€Å"environment of the realm is majorly comprised of drought and unreliable precipitation† (Schaefer 290). Population settlement is â€Å"characterized by clusters around where water supply is adequate to marginal† (Schaefer 290). Some of the countries in this realm have enormous oil reserves that have created wealth for some and on the other hand doing little to raise the living standards for the majority. The boundaries of North Africa and Southwest Asia realm is composed of volatile transition zones with conflicts over the scarce resources. Religious, â€Å"ethnic and cultural differences cause disharmony in the region and especially in the Middle East region where Israel lies at the center of the conflict within the region† (Schaefer 291). An â€Å"Arab world† This ref ers to North Africa and south west Asia regions. This term is used to refer to a uniformity that is not in existence. The name Arab is used to refer to the people who speak Arabic and other related languages though some ethnologists associate it to the Arabian Peninsula. The Turks are not Arabs in any case and are neither Iranians nor Israelis. It is a fact that Arabic is spoken across Mauritania in North Africa to the Arabian Peninsula, Syria and Iraq but not spoken some parts of the realm. For instance, in Turkey, Turkish is the language and has Ural-Altaic other than Arabic, Semitic or Hermitic roots. On the other hand, the Iranian languages belong to the Indo-European linguistic family. The Tuareg, the Jews. Berbers and the people living in the transition zone between the North and South Africa speak different languages though they all belong in the Arab world (MacLeod and Jones 705). An â€Å"Islamic world† The realm is also called the World of Islam. This is mainly attr ibuted to the expansive spread of Islam into Africa, Asia and Europe during the Arab conquest and expansion age after the death of Prophet Mohammed in 632. However, it is worth to note that today Islam as a faith extends beyond this realm. Moreover other faiths such as Christianity (Egypt and Lebanon), Judaism and others exist in this region.Advertising Looking for assessment on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Middle-East This is the commonly used name to refer to the realm. It is a name that might sound strange to someone in India who would rather go for Middle West. The Western world which was the source of the name was extremely biased because to them it was a Near East in Turkey, Middle East in Egypt, Arabia and Iraq and finally a Far East in China and Japan. In realty, the name can only be applicable in one region of this expansive realm and not the entire region covered by the realm (Kimble 614). Ki mble, Hebert. â€Å"The Inadequacy of the Regional Concept.† London Essays in Geography 2.17 (1951): 601-617. Print. MacLeod, George and Jones Mother. â€Å"Renewing The Geography of Regions.† Environment and Planning 16.9 (2001): 669-800. Print. Schaefer, Frankline. â€Å"Exceptionalism in Geography: A Methodological Examination.† Annals of the Association of American Geographers 43.3 (1953): 298-305. Print.

Lord of the Flies Quotes Explained

Lord of the Flies Quotes Explained Lord of the Flies, William Goldings classic novel about English schoolboys marooned on a deserted island, is a powerful examination of human nature. The following Lord of the Flies quotes illustrate the novels central issues and themes. Quotes About Order and Civilization â€Å"Weve got to have rules and obey them. After all, were not savages. Were English, and the English are best at everything. So weve got to do the right things.† (Chapter 2) This quote, spoken by Jack, serves two purposes in the novel. First, it demonstrates the boys initial dedication to hav[ing] rules and obey[ing] them. They have grown up in English society, and they assume that their new society will be modeled after it. They elect their leader democratically, establish a protocol for speaking and being heard, and assign jobs. They express a desire to do the right things. Later in the novel, the boys descend into chaos. They become the so-called savages that Jack mentions, and Jack is instrumental in this transformation, which brings us to the second purpose of the quote: irony. The more we learn about Jacks increasing sadism, the more absurd this early quote seems. Perhaps Jack never believed in rules in the first place and simply said whatever he needed to say to gain authority on the island. Or, perhaps his belief in order was so superficial that it disappeared after only a short time, making way for his true violent nature to emerge. â€Å"Roger gathered a handful of stones and began to throw them. Yet there was a space round Henry, perhaps six yards in diameter, into which he dare not throw. Here, invisible yet strong, was the taboo of the old life. Round the squatting child was the protection of parents and school and policemen and the law.† (Chapter 4) In this quote, we see how the rules of society influence the boys at the start of their time on the island. Indeed, their initial period of cooperation and organization is fueled by the memory of the old life, where authority figures implemented punishment in response to misbehavior. Yet, this quote also foreshadows the violence that later erupts on the island. Roger refrains from throwing rocks at Henry not because of his own morals or conscience, but because of the memory of societys rules: the protection of parents and school and policemen and the law. This statement underscores Golding’s view of human nature as fundamentally uncivilized, restrained only by external authorities and societal restrictions. Quotes About Evil â€Å"Fancy thinking the Beast was something you could hunt and kill!† (Chapter 8) In this quote, Simon realizes that the the Beast the boys fear is, in fact, the boys themselves. They are their own monsters. In this scene, Simon is hallucinating, so he believes that this statement is made by the Lord of the Flies. However, it is actually Simon himself who has this revelation. Simon represents spirituality in the novel. (In fact, Goldings first draft made Simon an explicitly Christ-like figure.) He is the only character who seems to have a clear sense of right and wrong. He acts according to his conscience, rather than behaving out of fear of consequences or a desire to protect the rules. It makes sense that Simon, as the novels moral figure, is the boy who realizes the evil on the island was the boys own making. â€Å"Im frightened. Of us.† (Chapter 10) Simons revelation is proved tragically correct when he is killed at the hands of the other boys, who hear his frenzy and attack, thinking that he is the Beast. Even Ralph and Piggy, the two most stalwart supporters of order and civilization, are swept up in the panic and take part in Simon’s murder. This quote, spoken by Ralph, highlights just how far the boys have descended into chaos. Ralph is a firm believer in the power of rules to maintain order, but in this statement, he seems uncertain of whether rules can save the boys from themselves. Quotes About Reality [Jack] looked in astonishment, no longer at himself but at an awesome stranger. He spilt the water and leapt to his feet, laughing excitedly. ... He began to dance and his laughter became a bloodthirsty snarling. He capered toward Bill, and the mask was a thing on its own, behind which Jack hid, liberated from shame and self-consciousness. (Chapter 4) This quote marks the beginning of Jacks ascent to power on the island. In this scene, Jack is looking at his own reflection after painting his face with clay and charcoal. This physical transformation gives Jack a sense of freedom from shame and self-consciousness, and his boyish laughter quickly becomes bloodthirsty snarling. This shift parallels Jacks equally bloodthirsty behavior; he becomes increasingly sadistic and brutal as he gains power over the other boys. A few lines later, Jack gives a command to some of the boys, who quickly obey because the Mask compelled them. The Mask is an illusion of Jacks own creation, but on the island the Mask becomes a thing on its own that conveys authority to Jack. â€Å"The tears began to flow and sobs shook him. He gave himself up to them now for the first time on the island; great, shuddering spasms of grief that seemed to wrench his whole body. His voice rose under the black smoke before the burning wreckage of the island; and infected by that emotion, the other little boys began to shake and sob too. And in the middle of them, with filthy body, matted hair, and unwiped nose, Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of mans heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy.† (Chapter 12) Just prior to this scene, the boys have set the fire ablaze and are on the verge of murdering Ralph. However, before they can do so, a ship appears, and a naval captain arrives on the island. The boys immediately burst into tears. Instantly the trappings of Jack’s fierce hunting tribe are gone, any effort to harm Ralph ends, and the boys are children again. Their violent conflicts end abruptly, like a game of pretend. The islands societal structure felt powerfully real, and it even led to several deaths. Nevertheless, that society evaporates instantly as another more powerful social order (the adult world, the military, British society) takes its place, suggesting that perhaps all societal organization is equally as tenuous.

Capital One Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Capital One - Essay Example The external environment can be analyzed by using various tools like that of PEST analysis. The PEST analysis stands for Political factors, Economical factors, Social factors and Technological factors. The analysis of Capital One can be undermined as below: Political factors – The markets in which the company was operational did not have much political disturbances and therefore it could be said that the company experienced conducive political factors for its new strategy on acquisition. Economic factors – This was undoubtedly the most vital aspect for a company operating in the domain of financial services and products. The economic slowdown and the global meltdown really hampered the growth of the company. The financial performance of the company worsened on year – to – year basis even after following the strategy at an aggressive way. The faith of the general public upon the financial system was disturbed as one after the other too – big – to – fail companies became bankrupt. Social – Capital One had considerable social acceptance and that proved beneficial for the company to continue the business even in the trying times of financial slowdown. The company had taken number of efforts and initiatives that contributed towards the community development and corporate social responsibility and those have paved ways for the sustainable growth of the company. Technological factors – The company has been observed to be technologically sound and it was found that that Capital One offered best of the attributes based on the technological developments. It could be said that the research and development in the technological segment paid well as the environment is continuously changing. In spite of having an aggressive policy based upon acquisition, it could be said that Capital One Financial Corporation did not had a great year. Though the reasons were primarily external, like that of the global meltdown and economic slowdown, yet

Dubai International Airport Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Dubai International Airport - Case Study Example Concourse 3 will be affiliated to the two above accessible levels of Terminal 3 via an automatic Power mover (APM) in accession to the vehicular and accoutrements administration arrangement account tunnels. The building, which follows the appropriate appearance of Concourse 2, will be 645 meters long, 90 meters advanced and 42 meters top in the centre from the accessory level, and will board 20 aircraft stands, 18 of which will board Airbus The growth rate of the Dubai International Airport is high compared to other Airports in the Middle East. The Dubai International Airport holds highest position in the ratings by authorities like International Air Transport Association (IATA) (Airport Facilities, n. d.). The Transportation facility kind of the infrastructure of a country has to be developed continuously. The development of Dubai International Airport is essential for the development of the country and for making one among the top countries of the world. If the International Airport at Dubai is developed at a higher phase it can attract many foreigners including tourists and investors. The investors would be investing in country only after a detailed study of the infrastructure of that particular country including the international transportation. This fact forced the government of the United Arab Emirates, to think about the development of existing international airport by way of expansion programs. Dubai International Airport, in a actual abbreviate time, has developed from an aerodrome into an aerodynamics hub. Today, not alone is Dubai International Airport one of the fastest growing airports in the world, it is as well recognized as the arch and busiest airport of the Middle Eas t region. In 2008, the airport handled an almanac 37,441,440 cartage and over 34% of all flights entering and abrogation the Middle East and Africa. Aegis at the airport bare to be actively upgraded as an aftereffect of an International Monetary Fund (IMF) acme affair to be captivated in Dubai (Time Management, n. d.). Given the accent of surveillance to the aegis of the airport the arrangement had to be designed, installed, configured and handed over to airport aegis in beneath than a month. An abstruse band-aid advised by control-ware was called to accommodate top superior video transmission, avant-garde administration and reliable recording for the airport. Cost Management It is clear that without the support of the government, it is not possible to implement a major development in a country. Whichever is the country and whatever be the project, the government support is essential for making the project a grand success. In case of the Dubai International Airport development the government is providing the full support under the supervision and control of ministry of aviation. The government supports the development of the Dubai airport free zone. "Representative offices of the immigration and customs department are located within DAFZA. The customs office is open 24hrs to facilitate round-the-clock cargo clearance" (Where mission vision, n. d.). An estimated AED 120 billion will be invested in Dubai World Central, Sheikh Ahmed said. "The aboriginal appearance of this mega-project, which primarily involves the development