Education Is the Single Most Important Factor in the Development?

Issue: Education is the single most important factor in the development of a country? Do you agree? IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION Today, having a good education is really important for people. So that, most people apply a lot of tecniques which help them their work and school. Education is the single most important factor in the development of a country. Countries need a lot of things for their future because educated people are good at many things, such as communication and also to know how to improve themselves. First of all ,being good at communicating which has some advantages for people is very urgent for today’s life .It brings people a lot of feasibility and success. For example, at work people get on well and behave eachother suitable. They find possibility and become successful . But if they don’t do these ,they can lose many things . In addition to this, they may be hopeless and destroy their future. For these reason, people can have a good communication thanks to o nly education . To sum up, having good education opens people new door in their work and give them many things for their life. Another issue in the development country is that people know how to advance themselves during their all lives.For instance, educated people improve themselves during their all lives. They learn many things and in the future when they face with some problems ,they know how to deal easily, because they read or saw previous anywhere these problems . As a result, improving themselves about a lot of things is very significant for people. In the light of the above-mentioned reasons ,a country cannot develop without the education which requires an essential communication and improving themselves . In my opinion ,the education includes the most things that advance to the country. FATMA SARI

Oscar Wilde’s Dorian Gray

Oscar Wilde’s Picture of Dorian Gray received immediate criticism when it was published in 1890, being described as contaminated, unclean, and nauseous. The criticism stemmed from the challenges that were made by Oscar Wilde regarding Victorian morality. The novel was written in the aesthetic era, an era where authors attempted to reverse the role of art, to have no purpose besides being beautiful. Critics of the novel did not like this idea, fearing that it would corrupt readers, specifically their moral values.English philosopher Alfred Whitehead gave this view on morality, â€Å"What is morality in any given time or place? It is what the majority then and there happen to like and immorality is what they dislike. † Oscar Wilde added a preface to the novel a year later, in which he said, â€Å"There is no such thing as a moral or an immoral book, books are well written or badly written. That is all. † Adding onto Whitehead’s view, other morals exist outsi de of the majority, and people will develop their own morals based on how they interpret a situation. When Wilde reacts by saying that immoral and moral books don’t exist, I agree.The perspective that I developed in tying the 2 quotes together is that yes, a book is not written as moral or immoral, but it is viewed moral or immoral, depending on the reader’s own beliefs. I will argue that The Picture of Dorian Gray suggests that art can have immoral effects, but the artist should not bear complete responsibility. The prime purpose of art in the Victorian Era to most viewers was to give concrete moral values. The concept of Hedonism in the Picture of Dorian Gray is evident throughout, and was the root for it’s criticism.Lord Henry is responsible for placing these pleasure-seeking ideas in Dorian’s mind, as Dorian became obsessed with Lord Henry. In Wilde’s time period, as mentioned earlier, the artists were challenging accepted social norms. It is e vident that Lord Henry is also challenging accepted morals when he says, â€Å"Modern morality consists in accepting the standard of one’s age. I consider that for any man of culture to accept the standard of his age is a form of the grossest immorality. † Challenging social norms is one characteristic that Wilde and Lord Henry share.Therefore, since this is a big part of the novel, I argue that Wilde wrote the novel as if he was Lord Henry. This is important because some view Lord Henry as the main reason for Dorian’s downfall. To counter this, I want to point out that Dorian is the one who let Lord Henry influence him. Further, when Lord Henry gives Dorian the mysterious yellow book, it is Dorian’s choice to base his life around this guide on how to live a pleasure-seeking life. The main argument I am making here is that Lord Henry cannot be fully blamed for Dorian’s downfall.As it related to Wilde, he does write immoral ideas for his time. For e xample, hedonism and homosexuality. The point is yes Wilde wrote about these topics, but he should not be held responsible and considered immoral as an artist because his time period rejected these views. A big part of the novel that needs to be looked at if Wilde wrote the book through Lord Henry’s eyes is the fact that Dorian ended up dead at the end of the book and Lord Henry didn’t face consequence. This is Wilde suggesting that Lord Henry’s sayings, books, and thrill seeking lifestyle are all irrelevant to Dorian’s morality.Relating this to real life, Wilde is suggesting that a piece of art is not based on the moral value of the artist, but rather the way a viewer lets the work influence him or her. The slow deteriorating of Dorian’s painting is a reflection of the sins he has committed. For example, when he embarrasses Sibyl and it leads to her suicide. Another example is Dorian’s killing of Basil. Finally, when Dorian attempts to chan ge his lifestyle and not screw over another girl, the painting worsens. The painting mirrors an image of sins that Dorian cannot erase or escape guilt.Dorian stabbing the painting shows that he died from his own sin, not by any influence. The art is then returned to its original beauty. This shows that Wilde is suggesting that art should be kept separate from morals in society. Further, this is justified by art being viewed in this new movement as strictly beautiful; it bears no responsibility for a moral purpose. An artist’s responsibility to morals is again minimized. Another point I would like to bring up is that if The Picture of Dorian Gray came out in a different time period, it would not have been so heavily criticized.This is because people would have had different morals and immorals, as reflected in Whitehead’s previous quote. If you agree with this, you have to agree with the argument that an artist is not fully responsible for any moral or immoral judgment of his or her art. The final perspective I would like to point out is for those who interpreted Wilde as writing the story through the eyes of Basil. At some points, I can agree with this, and it strengthens the argument that Wilde feared criticism by a good majority of people at his time. This is evident when Basil is afraid to show off his painting, in fear of what others will interpret it as.This is similar to Wilde’s work of Dorian Gray, in that Wilde wrote a story that challenged some moral beliefs, and was hesitant as to what people might think. When Basil finally does reveal his painting it is viewed as beautiful, but slowly deteriorates. I argue that this is how Wilde felt about his work, that it was the perfect novel, but it to was brought down by heavy criticism of another person. The point here is that Wilde did not intend everything in the story to be a moral message, he used his characters actions as puzzles pieces for each reader to put together their own belief s.Therefore, his critics should not hold him morally responsible. The belief of hedonism is demonstrated throughout the book, as mentioned earlier; in the way that Dorian lives his life. This is an example of Wilde reflecting his new movement’s ideas, to live for beauty. In the article The Conflict Between Aestheticism and Morality in Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray, author Patrick Duggan makes the observation that hedonism is what Wilde was attempting to introduce through Dorian, but at the end of the novel Wilde puts restraint on this lifestyle.When Dorian cannot reverse his sins, Wilde is suggesting that people still need to consider the consequences of their actions. Further, yes Wilde displays a thrill seeking lifestyle in the Picture of Dorian Gray, but he also suggests that the artistic movement he is involved in will only survive with SOME limitation. This view complies with my argument that art can have an immoral effect on people. Which is why an art ist must have SOME consideration, but the artist will not bear complete responsibility because each viewer is going to look at artwork differently.

Total Solution for Customers Cars Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Total Solution for Customers Cars - Assignment Example Advantages of this business would be on a two-way basis. There will be mutual benefits on the availability of opposite and concurrent needs. Typically there is demand for the products in the region as a supply of the same can be made from my current location. The case scenario here would be taping of economic resources in exchange for material products. The company would deliver its best so as to ensure customer satisfaction and counter competitors hence favorable competition in the markets. On the other hand, the creation of employment in a two way would be put into consideration. The organization would be concerned with producing at home hence employing locals. During sales overseas, the organization will have to employ the country's nationals. The end result is a creation of employment on both sides with the aim of having benefits reaped from either side. The connection would also ensure a learning mechanism based on diversity in technology through the introduction of new technological appliances in the markets. The other benefit to my organization will be making profits on currently available appliances which are not widespread. One of the disadvantages of the business setup is a language barrier. In business, communicated is perceived to be pivotal in the smooth operation of daily activities. In order to assemble all things set to work, the locals and planners have to come to terms. Customer interaction may be a problem when the need arises for communication with the top management. However, translations would be available but this does not deliver the much that a one on one conversation would have done. Cultural diversity may not facilitate some appliances. An example of this is the fact that women do not drive in Saudi Arabia. Hence my appliances targeted to women customers would be limited

Sample Population Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Sample Population - Assignment Example Secondly, the manner in which one person is selected will be independent of how the other person will be selected (Walsh & Wigens, 2003). The benefit of using a random sample is that there is the generalization of the population one is interested in the study. In this case, the population is of about 1,000 employees and out of the 1,000 100 will be selected to generalize the 1,000 employees. Additionally, the selection method will use simple random sample where each individual will be chosen randomly and by chance (Torgerson & Miles, 2007). In that, each individual has the same probability of being chosen at any stage throughout the sampling process. In so doing, the technique will be unbiased as the employees of that are chosen without determining any particular characteristic. The research study will have data sources that will provide actual information shedding light on how employees can use the social media as a platform to raise grievances. The data sources will play a crucial role in the research, as they will explain the theoretical concept of social media and how it has been misused in the organization. In so doing, the information collected or data collected will be compared with what the information provided by the sample population and establish whether there is a relationship between the data. Additionally, the data source will be used to improve or emphasize on what the participants provide during the research.  

Trade Pattern between developed(the U.S.) and developing(South Korea) Term Paper

Trade Pattern between developed(the U.S.) and developing(South Korea) countries - Term Paper Example Even though the U. S has a trade discrepancy with South Korea, it has had a reliable trade surplus of approximately $2 billion to $3 billion in agricultural goods (Carbaugh 213)1. South Korea is the tenth greatest economy in the globe, with a yearly annual GDP fast approaching one trillion US dollars (Todaro 314)2. While it was the seventh biggest export market for the US in 2004, U. S was South Korea’s third largest trading partner and the second largest export market in 2005. In addition, South Korea is the fifth biggest market for the U.S agricultural export and the United States provides more than one fifth of South Korea’s agricultural imports. This paper looks at the characteristics of the United States-South Korea bilateral trade and offers an overview of the tariff reduction as well as elimination schedules of the two countries (Eckes 311)3. Characteristics The main mode of the US-South Korea mutual trade has moved from inter-industry trade to intra-industry tra de. Specifically, the trade model was inter–industry trade on the foundation of divergence in resource donations before 1994. The US exported intensive and natural resource-founded industry goods and technology, as well as capital-concentrated products to South Korea and imported labor-concentrated goods from that nation (Buckley et al. 341)4. Nevertheless, intra-industry trade between the two nations has increased notably in the high technology product sector since 1995. A key rise in trade of high-technology goods between the two nations shows the surge in bilateral intra-industry trade founded on good differentiation. The two nations have also raised their bilateral trade in differentiation mid-technology goods. Comparisons between trade volume and trade surpluses, by sector, can offer insight on bilateral trade patterns between the two nations. In this paper, US-Korea bilateral trade is looked at in six sectors. Agriculture and food, natural resource based industries, tex tiles, mid technology goods, high-technology goods among others. The sectors are determined on the basis of standard international trade classification two-digit code. The agric-food sector includes primary agricultural goods and processed food (Lo?pez 648)5. The natural sector comprises of gas, coal, wood and petroleum products among others. The mid section comprises of fertilizers, chemical materials, non-ferrous metals as well as furniture. The high-tech section has machinery, scientific instruments and transport instruments. The others comprise of the transaction services. The US has trade surpluses and South Korea is in the food and agriculture sector, and until lately, the natural resource-based industries. The US has a trade deficit and South Korea in the high technology section, which has grown with time. The US also has a trade shortage with South Korea in the textile section; however this deficit has declined with time. Indeed, both US imports and exports of textile produc ts have declined ever since 1990, owing to the third country impact in the market. Since other nations like Thailand, China, Indonesia, as well as Latin American nations have become very competitive in the manufacture of textile products, both the US and South Korea have raised their imports of these commodities from these nations. For the middle-technology section,

Control Mechanisms Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Control Mechanisms Paper - Essay Example To that end, the manager is responsible for corrective actions are needed in order to ensure that the organization (or department) is on track in terms of meeting future goals and standards of performance (Frame, 2002; Starbucks Home Page 2007). The advantage of feedforward control is the ability to predict and change the system and its elements before they affect the system. Depending on the kind of information being sought, there are a variety of tracking devices that include budgets, sales data by product line or geography, production output, quality control measures, and so on. The weakness of this control method is that variations within the system must be perfectly identified. Like other organizations, Starbucks uses feedforward control with feedback control which helps to improve performance and productivity. Feedback control is the process of evaluating performance against a set of stated objectives. Feedback control points out flaws in strategy or product offering, as well as identify changing conditions that may require an adjustment in strategy. In order for feedback control to be effective, managers at all levels of the organization receive information that is both timely and unbiased. The advantage of feedback control is that it allows the organization to control unknown disturbances. Feedback control is often used as error-controlled regulation. The negative reaction to this control is that it needs a mistake or error to appear before a manager can take corrective actions (Frame, 2002; Starbucks Home Page 2007). Concurrent control is used in database system and helps the organization to ensure that all transactions and actions are executed concurrently without violations. The positive reaction is its immediate response. In contrast to other methods, concurrent control allows immediate changes and variations if

The Morality of Euthanasia Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Morality of Euthanasia - Case Study Example She now lies in her ICU bed surviving the travails of her illness with the hospital's modern life support mechanisms. Both the physician and the priest knew that very soon their Mom will inevitably leave them. Meanwhile, the enormous hospital bills and other medical expenses are understandably being shouldered by the elder one, but with much difficulty as he has five children enrolled in the university and his wife is likewise sickly and could no longer work. The physician, an agnostic and a non-believer in any type of faith or religion, and who does not have any moral scruples, tells his younger brother, the priest, that perhaps it is only practical and it is also high time that they accept the fact that it was needless for their Mom to be in the expensive care of the ICU. Even whilst she is able to survive, it appears that with the other health complications, their Mom would most likely lead a vegetable life afterwards. The doctor also tells his brother that he can no longer afford to continue supporting their Mom and that for all practical purposes it is perhaps timely to give her the rest that she finally needs. The priest in a most calm spirit, reacts by way of directly asking his elder brother if what he meant was using euthanasia to end the sufferings of ... When the elder brother silently nodded yes, some little tears started to fall on both their saddened faces.From all vantage points of view, it would seem that it was the most practical thing that could be done for someone so dearly loved to end all physical pain. However, the priest reflecting on such an inhumane and morally unacceptable act tells his brother that in the book he often reads To Live in Jesus Christ, it is extensively discussed that under the doctrines of the Church, the Ten Commandments most specifically, it is so provided in the 5th commandment that "Thou shalt not kill" (Santos 143), and to commit such an act is to commit a mortal sin. This book further discusses that "Human life is sacred, (explains the Catechism of the Catholic Church), because from its beginning it involves the creative action of God and it remains forever in a special relationship with the Creator, who is its sole end. God alone is the Lord of life from its beginning until its end: no one can un der any circumstance claim for himself the right directly to destroy an innocent human being" (144). Hence, the priest tells his brother that it is for him a condemnable and unthinkable act.The physician, basically an unbeliever, reasons that the treatment and the preservation of life is imperative only if the quality of life can be sustained. However, if for medical reasons, it is taken as a given that a patient can no longer continue to live a normal life, despite all the

Assignment Information System Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Assignment Information System Auditing - Essay Example Banks tend to be more concerned with the promptness in recording cash withdrawals than cash receipts. Thus, the data representing the payment of customers’ bills may be sent to the mainframe computer four to six times a day for updating, while deposits of cash may be transmitted only twice a day. A common-carrier network is probably a good communication medium, but the data should be encrypted. The individual teller terminals should be connected to the remote main computer via dumb terminals. The tellers should not have any reason to download data regarding customer accounts (Botha & Boon, 2003). The systems development process requires active involvement of users. The involvement by the user must not be stifled by the system’s technical complexity. The technology used notwithstanding, the users should create detailed written descriptions pertaining to their requirements. It takes joint efforts of the user and systems professionals to come up with a user specification document. However, this document will have to remain a statement of user requirements. The users view of the problem should be described and not that of the system professionals (Botha, 2000). The activities for technical design translate user specifications into a set of well elaborated specifications which pertain to the technicals for a system meeting the user’s requirements. Systems analysis, feasibility analysis and detailed systems design are the scope of these activities. The quality of the documentation emerging from each phase is reflected from the adequacy pertaining to these activities. An organization’s internal audit department requires independence, objectivity and technical qualification in order to meet the governance-related expectations of management. Therefore, the internal auditor is at a position to play critical role in systems control partaining to the activities in development (Davis, 2005). Application controls

The comparative case study of Developed (G-8 & G-20 countries) Term Paper

The comparative case study of Developed (G-8 & G-20 countries) - Term Paper Example The United Nation’s definition of the poor indicates that they are such persons living on less than a dollar a day. The more alarming indications that the developed economies classified under the G-8 and the G-20 have their share of economic problems points out the seriousness of this issue. The world’s giant economies are classified under the G-8 whereas the G-20 are the fast growing economies of the world that have continued to be a threat to the developed nations in terms of economic power. The World Bank has made projections to the effect that developing countries or the G20 are likely to reach full capacity in terms of growth and consequently slowing growth from the year 2010’s 7.3 percent to a region of around 6.3 percent annually as from 2011-2013. On the other hand, the G8 will encounter a slowed growth from the lower growth reflected by the 2010’s 2.7 percent to the year 2011’s drop to 2.2 percent. They will experience a rise of up to 2.7 percent in the end of 2012 and a further drop to 2.6 percent in 2013, which shows a fluctuating economy in the giant economies1. If these statistics are to be believed, the developing world is steadily catching up with their developed counterparts even though there are obstacles that they must overcome. This paper examines the macroeconomic indicators of two selected countries (United States and Saudi Arabia) that are in the G-8 and G-20 categories. The period of examination shall be in the last five years a nd indicators such as the GDP, unemployment rates, GNP, consumer and producer price index and GDP per capita among others will be used to analyze their macroeconomic conditions. United States is slowly picking up from the worst economic downfall in decades. On the other hand, the Arabic nation of Saudi Arabia has not been affected much by the global economic crisis but that does not mean that the citizens of the

London Life Insurance Company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

London Life Insurance Company - Assignment Example Sales and administrative operations of the company were supported by a professional team of around 2,700 and 2,600 working as the sales and administrative workforce for the company respectively. The product mix of London Life Insurance Company was duly optimized through encompassing a large number of benefits pertaining to life, disability, medical and group insurance products with also existence of other retirement and saving plans. Through the use of the Group Insurance Plans the company was able to enhance its sales network with the corporate client base encompassing around 16,000 different concerns. The management and administrative functions within the London Life Insurance Company was effectively synchronized through the use of information technology connecting the activities of the different branches. Moreover, London Life Insurance Company being a member of the Trilon Financial Corporation concern an its enhanced affiliation with the Royal Trust in the region contributed in d evelopment of its network base in gaining potential customers in the region. Strategic activities carried out by the company relating to market and product development along with restructuring the organizational objectives contributed to the gaining of assets amounting to around $ 8.5 Billion. Enhanced focus rendered to the parameters of customization and personalization helped the company in becoming a market leader pertaining to financial and insurance products in Canada (London Life Insurance Company 854-855). Problem Statement The main problem that Ralph Simon faces relating to the salespersons pertains to the failure in understanding of the process of motivating them to sustain and enhance their sales activities pertaining to insurance and financial products. The compensation received by the people in terms of commissions and bonuses failed to effectively distinguish between the new sales force and the old thereby reflecting a lack of motivation in terms of enhancing the spirit of the new members. Ralph Simon also countered a problem relating to the Monthly Activity Report for the Points rendered refer more to the ‘Efficiencies’ of the individuals in gaining appointments and closed and open deals rather than assessing the ‘Effectiveness’ of the individuals based on the amount of insurance business sourced from the market. This feature was inferred by Simon in reducing the operational effectiveness of the company for increasing the inability of the company in gaining new leads. Simon also visualized the existence of a problem wherein the new sales persons were required to handle surmountable amount of work loads and responsibilities pertaining to the meeting of targets and gaining new contacts while the experienced sales people enjoyed over the existing contacts and other renewals carried out by the customers. This feature reflected the existence of role conflicts and role ambiguity that in turn contributed in reduction of the mot ivation of the sales people and thereby required adequate management intervention (London Life Insurance Company 858-859). Analysis of Alternative The first alternative that can be sought relates to the creating of a basic salary slab for the sales people in the concern. This salary slab can range from $20,000 to $52,000 relating to the composition of new and old people in the sales tea

Christian Worldview Essay Example for Free

Christian Worldview Essay There is a universal absolute truth that can be known – God is the Ultimate reality. Life has meaning and purpose – death is not the end. History is purposeful and illustrates the movement toward the fulfillment of God’s plan for His creation. Human beings are created in the image of God – physical and spiritual beings who can know and relate to God. Everything that exists is a creation of God’s intelligent design. †¢The Importance of Testing a Worldview Samples (2007) states, â€Å"A person’s worldview is the prism through which one makes sense of life and death. Therefore it is critical to have a view that is genuinely clear and distinct† (p. 27). My worldview provides the basis for all of my decisions, thoughts, and actions. For this reason, I want to make sure that the prism I am using has no cracks or inconsistencies in it that will distort my vision. By applying three major tests, I will be able to determine the validity of my worldview and deepen my faith through truth. †¢Three Major Tests According to Cosgrove (2006), the following questions should be asked: Test of EvidenceÃ'Ž â€Å"Is your worldview in agreement with scientific and experiential observations? Does the worldview fit the world? † (p. 66). Test of Logical Consistency â€Å"Does every belief in the worldview agree with every other belief in that worldview? † (p. 67). Test of Existential Repugnance â€Å"Is it possible to live the worldview in the world – can it be lived in real life? † (p. 68). †¢Results Test of Evidence †¢Human biochemical design is completely different than any other species on Earth. †¢Human †¢Human mind is complex and capable of thought and reasoning.beings have personality and character and the only species on Earth with linguistic abilities. †¢Human beings are instilled with an intrinsic desire for truth, morality, purpose, and destiny. †¢Human †¢All beings have free will and the ability to choose. organisms are designed with a tendency toward selfpreservation. †¢Everything in existence (mankind, animals, nature, the Universe) has intentional design, purpose, and order. †¢Results Test of Logical Consistency †¢Human beings have self-awareness, language, creativity, and the ability to communicate. †¢Each human has a basic personality make-up of mind, will, feelings, emotions, and personal identity. †¢Everything that has been created can be investigated and known because it is rational, ordered, and predictable. †¢There †¢There are absolute moral laws reflecting the character and nature of God. is unity of spiritual and physical worlds – a reality beyond the material world (the substance of which is beyond the comprehension of mankind). †¢. Human beings are spiritually motivated and have an inherent need to believe in something greater than themselves. †¢Creation reveals God’s character and nature. †¢Results Test of Existential Repugnance †¢History proves deterioration of societal morals, values, and behavior when God is removed from the cultural equation. †¢Fulfillment is experienced when actions and behavior reflect God’s nature and character. †¢Evidence provided within the church by those who share likeminded worldviews that the worldview can be lived out in real life. †¢Above all, I live my worldview in real life daily and experience spiritual growth, diminished self-centeredness, and expanding trust in Him on a continual basis. †¢Reaction to the Results For the first time in my life, I was able to see in black and white just how much God has done for me and the depth of healing that has occurred within my mind and soul. I have experienced a worldview without God. It is a life devoid of hope, trust, and love. I realized that I still have so much to learn, but I am convinced I am on the right track and living as I was created to live. My worldview will continue to develop through experiences that bring more clarity of His character through faith and learning. Recent World Events †¢Effect of World Events on Worldview Recent world events have served to solidify my worldview and confirm the truth of God’s word in the Bible. Genesis 3:7-19 documents how we have come to live in a fallen world (NKJV). As a result, the world has to contend with sickness, sorrow, evil and death. As I see world events occur, I know that I am seeing through my own eyes the truth being revealed before me. We live in a broken world. Whether natural disasters or manmade tragedies, I know that God can see what I can’t see. Through my own experiences, I have come to know with all my heart that I can trust that God is in control. Because of this, I have no need to fear the world events that occur, but instead recognize that it is all part of His plan to redeem His people and fulfill the purpose He has for His creation. Because of this, I need not fear what is happening, but use it as the opportunity to show the love of Jesus Christ through compassion and willingness to help. †¢Ways Recent Events Have Changed Worldview The real test for my worldview comes in putting my beliefs into action. It is one thing to say, but quite another to go the extra mile and do. Recent world events have caused me to look inside and muster up the courage to act on what I believe. Amazingly, I have discovered that each time I do reach out and become involved, my love for God and others deepens, the truth of His word becomes more obvious, and my awareness of who He is expands through practical application. †¢Conclusion The presuppositions making up my worldview can never be proven or demonstrated beyond a shadow of a doubt. Faith is essential, for by faith, I am entrusting myself to God. As I entrust myself to God I receive certainty, connection, and the ground for my existence. It is this entrusting that I meet God in myself and in creation, even as God meets me. Through faith, I am graciously renewed. I experience connection with self, others, creation, and God, who is the healing power and sustaining ground of my life. This commitment to faith integrates and guides my daily experience. †¢In the Final Analysis My worldview is as individual as I am. Shaped by experience, my worldview has evolved to what it is today. I have discovered God’s Truth because my life is evidence of the truth. I tried every technique, medication, and therapy known to man trying to change my life – the results were nil until I became saved. God orchestrated changes within me that have transformed my being. Only God had the capability to heal my soul-sickness and fill the empty void within me that I had felt my entire life. I may not have all of the answers, but one thing I do have is unshakable faith and belief born on the evidence I have seen (and lived). †¢A Parting Thought As clearly illustrated in his admonishment to the believers in Colossae, the Apostle Paul understood the importance of testing one’s worldview; â€Å"See to it that no one takes you captive through philosophy and empty deception, according to the tradition of men, according to the elementary principles of the world, rather than according to Christ. † (Colossians 2:8, NKJV). Just as it was important then, this reproach should be heeded today. †¢References Cosgrove, M. (2006). Foundations of Christian thought: Faith, learning and the Christian worldview. Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications. Samples, K. (2007). A world of difference: Putting Christian truth-claims to the worldview test. Dartmouth: Baker Books.

Hooliganism across cultures and nations

Hooliganism across cultures and nations Abstract Football disorder has ruled football fields for decades. Therefore, hooligans constitute the main problem in modern football. Recently, many clashes linked with nationalism, racism, and discrimination, have risen in all parts of the world. While it was known identity was a cause of hooliganism, this paper analyzes how the desire to represent a particular club or nation causes violence among football fans (hooliganism), more precisly why does it lead to discriminatory acts. Six scholarly and non-scholarly articles have been described and compared to find out the possible causes of such behaviours. Impule in emotions and the social phenomenon of following the group, lead by identity, accentuate the causes of discrimination. It results in large discriminatory acts commited by particular racist hooligan groups. Hooliganism across Cultures and Nations Introduction This paper will focus on how identify influences violence in football games. Over the course of the last half-century, violence among football fans has risen to a point of no control, and it has lead many researchers (Canon 2008) and (Gow and Rookwood 2008) to question the causes of disruptions on football stands. The definition of a hooligan is not widely accepted. Some give it a positive connotation while others describe it in a negative way. Some of the proposed definitions of a hooligan are: one who actively participates in the living experience of football by engaging emotionally and positively in the success of their football club (Canon 2008), one who is strongly engaged in nationalism (Mota 2009), or the violent behaviour of a football spectator (Gow and Rookwood 2008). Yet, this topic is vastly debated. Experts argue whether or not hooligans still have their place in modern football. While statistics show the number of arrests due to rioting have risen on football stadiums i n England (Chula 2009) and in the Netherlands (Spaaij 2007), ordinary fans are getting increasingly afraid of attending games of their beloved club (Spaaij 2007), security being the social nature of this problem. Furthermore, the threat must be massive since football is consiered as a religion for 60% of european fans (Canon 2008). In other cases, lead by strong emotions based on their identity, hooligans have engaged in atrocities that lead to many casualties in Italy, England, and other parts of the world (Gow and Rookwood 2008). While it is known that there are many causes for hooliganism, such as the media, the police, personal reasons, the desire to represent, social causes and revenge, identity, and dissatisfaction (Gow and Rookwood 2008), the identity to a club or nation has caused many clashes based on nationalism, racism, and discrimination, (Football Against Racism in Europe n.d.) and (Spaaij Vià ±as, 2005). Thus, this essay will analyze how the desire to represent a particular club or nation causes violence among football fans (hooliganism), more precisly why does it lead to discriminatory acts. Therefore, seven scholarly and non-scholarly articles will be compared based on their explanations of why is football so important to average europeans and how does it lead to an impulse of emotions which causes riots and social unrests at football games. Body Text What is hooliganism?: The paragraph will focus on the description of hooliganism, it will suggest definitions, explain the causes of this phenomenon, and it will list examples of violence that has occurred in modern era football. Multiple definitions: There are many definitions for hooliganism and it has not been widely agreed on which represents it the most. Hooligan point of view: One who actively participates in the living experience of football by engaging emotionally and positively in the success of their football club. (Canon, 2007, p. 4) External point of view: A specific form of spectator violence at football matches. (Spaiij, 2007, p. 330) One who is strongely engaged in nationalism. (Mota, 2009, p.4) The violent behaviour of a football spectator. (Gow and Rookwood, 2008, p. 71) Causes: According to Gow and Rookwood (2008), hooliganism is a diverse phenomenon that is not mono-casual (p. 71). Media, police, personal reasons, desire to represent (nationalism and identity), superiority and revenge, and dissatisfaction. Involvment in football hooliganism has bee explained in relation to a number of factors, relating to interaction, identity, legitimacy, and power. (Gow and Rookwood, 2008, pp. 75-79) Hooligan experience: buzz of excitement (Spaiij, 2007, p. 330) Examples of violence Large public brawls outside of stadiums. (Chula, 2009) Clashes between rival hooligan groups at football games. (Gow and Rookwood, 2008, p. 78) Inter-group alliances and wars (Spaiij, 2007, p. 324) Identity: This paragraph will focus on one of the causes of hooliganis: identity. It will explain why it is occuring, how it affects football fans, and how it leads to a popular phenomenon of following the group, and how it leads to discrimination. The involvement in hooliganism leads a normal person to commit acts that he would have never done under normal circumstances. Need of belonging: Identity is characterized by the need to belong to a club or national team. (Gow and Rookwood, 2008, p. 76) It is a way for those who feel unimportant and marginalised to express their identity. (Gow and Rookwood, 2008, p. 78) Strong emotions: Accounts of hooligans reveal how they experience an overpowering buzz or adrenalin rush when confronting their opponents. (Spaiij, 2007, p. 330) Phenomenon of following the group: Their desire to [†¦] conform to group norms of behaviour may lead them to use serious violence against groups or individuals. (Spaiij and Vià ±as, 2005, p. 160) Discrimination in football: The paragraph will discuss the types of discrimination and its causes. Also, it will analyze the ways organizations are trying to fight it. Types of discrimination Homophobia, Racism, Exclusion of minorities. (Football Against Racism in Europe n.d.) Causes Cultural racism: This cultural racism revolves around the construction and defense of an image of national culture in the face of the emergence and expansion of immigrant communities. (Spaiij and Vià ±as, 2005, p. 160) Some cultures define some things as right or wrong. Homosexuality is defined as wrong in many countries across Easter and Southern Europe. (Football Against Racism in Europe n.d.) Nationalism: When Croatia played Bosnia Herzegovina in Sarajevo, Croatian fans formed a human U symbol representing the fascist Ustase movement responsible for mass killings of Serbs, Jews and the Roma during World War II. (Football Against Racism in Europe n.d.) Such events happen in countries where national identity is largely present. What is done to stop discrimination Non-governmantal organizations such as NGO (Spaiij and Vià ±as, 2005, p. 160) and FARE (Football Against Racism in Europe n.d.), trying to reduce xenophobia. Hooliganism is a social phenomenon, largely portayed as being negative, that is not mon-casual. (Gow and Rookwood, 2008, p. 71) Multiple causes affect hooliganism (Gow and Rookwood, 2008, p. 78), but identity and the need to represent lead to serious manifestations as discrimination and violence. As one engages in a large group of fans, he experiences strong emotions and adrenaline boosts (Spaiij, 2007, p. 330) leading to the phenomenon of following the group (Spaiij and Vià ±as, 2005, p. 160). A person may, under those circumstances, do somethings that he would not do in real life setting. Homophobia, racism, and exclusion of minorities are some of the types of discrimination. (Football Against Racism in Europe n.d.) Cultural racism (Spaiij and Vià ±as, 2005, p. 160) and nationalism (Football Against Racism in Europe n.d.) are labeled as the main causes of discrimination, accentuated by the phenomenon of followers. This essay responded to the problem statement, and explained how the desire to represent causes violence, particularly discrimination. The internal validity of most of my srouces is not easily verifiable because they are descriptive researchs based on data and results of other researchers. Only two researchs include some quantitative and qualitative data. Gow and Rookwood use a small sample of twenty supporters, while Canon uses a larger sample of 2,000 survey respondants and a smaller sample of interviewed supporters. Sampling methods were not random in both cases. The external validity is good for most of the sources because we can generalize results to certain countries or to the entire European continent. The internal validity of my essay is good because I used a good methodology of literature review of my articles. But, since I analyzed only 7 sources, the external validity is not very high; I cannot generalize my results. But, my sources were good and were written by experts or organizations specialized in my domain of analysis. Thus, I can say the data and information used in my sources is appropriate. I believe my study to be a good analysis of the situation of hooliganism in Europe. Still, my study lacks numbers and data to prove what I say, since I analyzed other works. I cannot affirmate a certain cause effect pattern. Works Cited Canon. Football Passions. The Social Issues Research Centre. 2008. http://www.sirc.org/football/football_passions.pdf (accessed August 25, 2009). The study was commissioned and realized by Canon, a well-known company, wanting to accomplish extensive sociological research on capturing the emotions of being a football fan. The names of the researchers are not indicated, thus, we cannot question the credentials of the authors; it will remain unknown and unestablished. But, the research was done by the Social Issues Research Center, which is a leading research group in the United Kingdom. The purpose of the study, as mentioned, was to capture the emotions of being a football fan and to compare the feelings, expressions, and behaviours of fans associated with support of their football teams. The major aspect of the study was that it should capture the experiences of every-day football fans and that it should provide their opinions on the problems of hooliganism. The sampling methods used for the study were interviews and online surveys. In the first case, fieldwork was conducted in eighteen countries. Online surveys (m=2,000) were took across all countries of Europe. There were no hypothesis, nor variables since the objective was to analyze various behaviours, and then to find a conclusion about the different aspects of hooliganism. The internal validity is good since the sampling was large, but it was not perfect since it was not done randomly. The study can be generalized to Europe and we can thus say the external validity is very good. As for the results and the conclusion, the research reveals a largely positive side to hooliganism. It also explains the rituals of football fans and the passion created by the fans. It is a largely descriptive research. I believe the study is biased because it only shows the hooligans point of view, which is unreal in the current atmosphere of modern football. Some results and statistics are good, but some should be analyzed carefully because they could be biased and unreliable. Chula, Jesse. Hooliganism: Did It Ever Go Away? Who Foots The Bill? September 6, 2009. http://www.epltalk.com/hooliganism-did-it-ever-go-away-who-foots-the-bill/10832 (accessed September 6, 2009). Football Against Racism in Europe. Racism in Football. http://www.farenet.org/default.asp?intPageID=40 (accessed September 7, 2009). The URL gives me an appropriate idea that this is a specialized website in my domain because of the acronym F.A.R.E. (meaning Football against Racism in Europe) and of the ending .org, suggesting it is an organization. The page is written by a group of authors whose expertise is in racism, homophobia, and exclusion of minorities. The website is updated regularly (at least monthly, but most of the times weekly) announcing action plans against discrimination. Some of the information was written about a year ago, while there is a lot of fresh stuff. The topic area is discrimination. While there are little or no references, information seems reliable because the organization seems to have its own well-established database. Thus, it seems the website has overall great integrity and reliability. The website does not use a scientific method for referencing and citing. The target audience of the website are football fans, and its function is to demonstrate that racism is present in modern fo otball, and how it should be stopped. The website is largely sponsored by the UEFA and FIFA football bodies, which want to stop discrimination on football fields. While there is only one point of view, there is no feeling of bias on the website; it can only be understood that they are showing the real facts. This page cannot be considered as ironic because it is a serious organization, well-known around the world. It is possible to contact the ten experts that have designed and created the website via telephone, fax, or e-mail. Gow, Paul, and Joel Rookwood. Doing it for the team-examining the causes of hooliganism in English football. Journal of Qualitative Research in Sports Studies, 2008: 71-82. The study is conducted by Paul Gow and Joel Rookwood. They are experts and have realized their research in the Sports Studies Department of Liverpools Hope University, where they are probably teachers. In the research, it is argued that hooliganism is a diverse phenomenon that is not mono-casual. Therefore, it is an argumentative essay. The main intention is to find causes for hooliganism in modern era football. The research was conducted by developing a fan-based perspective on the causes of hooliganism. Interviews and study-groups were conducted with twenty fans from five English clubs in the 2006-2007 season. The clubs selected were representative of geography, league position, success achieved, fan base, and exposure to European competition. Interviewed fans offered their perspectives on many personal factors explaining hooliganism. We dont know if the study was conducted randomly. The internal validity is not good since the sample size is relatively small (m=20). But, since it i s a case study, it would have been difficult to have a larger sample size. The results show that there are six causes for hooliganism: the influence of media, the influence of police, personal reasons, desire to represent or to have an identity, revenge and superiority, and dissatisfaction. Therefore, it is shown that hooliganism is a diverse phenomenon that is not mono-casual. The results cannot be generalized outside of England, because the socio-cultural environment is not the same in other areas of Europe where hooliganism is just as present. The research may be biased because it is done on fan-based opinion. Still, it is a source that analyzes in depth the causes of hooliganism and that offers the best theories about it. Mota, Miguel. Boys Will Be Hooligans: History and Masculine Communities in John Kings England Away. Critique, Spring 2009: 261-273. Spaaij, Ramà ³n. Football Hooliganism in the Netherlands: Patterns of Continuity and Change. Soccer Society, July 2007: 316-334. Spaaij, Ramà ³n, and Carles Vià ±as. A por ellos!: racism and anti-racism in Spanish football. International Journal of Iberian Studies, 2005: p141-164. The research was done by Ramà ³n Spaaji and Carles Vià ±as, experts in hooliganism and racism. Ramà ³n Spaaji had already written many scholarly articles on those topics. Spaaji is affiliated to the University of Amsterdam, where he is a trustable and respected source. Carles Vià ±as is affiliated to the University of Barcelona. The authors intention is to describe the neo-Nazi and racist phenomenons by fan groups across Spain. The two main questions posed by the authors are whether there is a hooligan/racist correlation, and whether there is a transformation in current sources of racism. The study is descriptive. The methodology used was to compare and analyze existing studies on the subject. The validity of the study cannot be verified because it is entirely based on independent studies, there is neither qualitative nor quantitative data measured by the authors. The conclusions found that racism is a widespread phenomenon in Spain of national identity, superiority, and prestige . The desire to conform to a group also leads to violence and discrimination. Still, a lot of hooligan groups try to dissociate themselves from racism and discrimination. The authors conclude three main points: the ultra movement is heterogeneous; racial abuse is not limited to hooligans; and racist discourses are variable and inconsistent. I believe the study to be extremely pertinent to my topic, because the study took place in Spain, believed to be one of the most discriminatory football environments in Europe.

Career Development Is A Continuous Process Career Education Essay

Career Development Is A Continuous Process Career Education Essay Twenty or so years ago in the old world of work there was emphasis on the following: making a career choice for a long-term career; concern with only one career theme; hierarchical progression (climbing the career ladder); having a career and job for life; loyalty to one company and employer; benefits and a pension in recognition of loyalty. The 21st century world of work is very different. With rapid developments in technology and globalisation of the economy and job markets, there is an increase in competition. The global economy is focused on information generation and delivery of services. There is constant outsourcing of work, downsizing of companies and customising of jobs. More people are in temporary and part-time employment and increasing numbers of people are self- employed. In most occupations there is a trend towards change, unpredictability, spontaneity, innovation and creativity and a demand for people with interpersonal and intrapersonal skills. Many careers today can thus be described in terms of the following: uncertainty, unpredictability, insecurity, reduced likelihood of promotion, work intensification, increased likelihood of mobility out of ones initial occupation, non-standard contracts, part-time work and self-employment In this context one needs to think of oneself as a portfolio of skills (4-8 career changes will probably be made in your lifetime). There is a constant need to invest in maintaining employability, engaging in life-long learning and enhancing ones personal growth. Increasingly, individuals also have to manage their own benefits such as pension schemes and medical aids. To be success in career development, we have to continue to have high adaptation. We should be flexible, adaptable and willing to gain knowledge and learn new skills. Besides, as a key of success, we must be prepared for lifelong learning the ability to access information and develop knowledge and enhance new skills on an ongoing basis. It is essential that you are constantly on the lookout for possibilities to develop yourself and your skills. There is a trend toward multi-skilling: the acquisition of a number of different skills rather than just focusing on the skills in which you were originally trained. Continuous learning process is essential in career development. In career development, building up a valuable network of contacts so that we are able to increase our network coverage in the future. Besides, we have to be prepared to perform tasks that may not be exactly what you want to be doing, but which could pave the way for future development (develop transferable skills). On the other hand, dont expect to stick to the same job for your entire life. It is advisable to move around while you can. Gain fresh experiences. In fact, find yourself a mentor-someone whom you can rely on to give you feedback, encourage you and help you to find opportunities to develop in your career. The last but not the least, learn to work effectively in a team. Right from your first year make a start on your career development. Career development is not about planning exactly what you will do for your career from the time you start studying to the day you leave; its about exploiting every opportunity that you come across to acquire new skills which will enhance your employability. The career development process is aimed at achieving self-knowledge and learning how you can become as marketable as possible in the current world of work. In order to be able to develop your career and make effective career decisions you need to engage in self-reflection and self-assessment from time to time in order to ascertain your current position and progress. If you know yourself and have insight into who you are, you will be better able to know where you could be going. This knowledge will equip you to plan and develop your career path effectively. It is important that you ensure that you have the necessary skills and attributes which are needed in the current job market, especially in the light of the constant changes and developments in the various fields of work. Rapid change in the use of technology itself creates a need for continual updating of ones skills. Your academic qualification alone these days will not guarantee you a job. These are any relevant skills that you have developed in one context that can be transferred to another. The skill of organising, for example, is one such transferable skill that employers look for. Perhaps you gained this skill through organizing a camp for underprivileged children, which involved arranging a venue, transport, a caterer and a programme of events. Although you might not do exactly the same in another work context, the skill of organizing something is one you could transfer. General skills such as public speaking, time management, problem-solving and taking the initiative can be built up during your studies. Speak out in tutorials, hand in assignments on time, go beyond what the lecturers require of you by learning to take the initiative and to solve problems. By participating in activities outside of the lecture room, you will not only develop transferable skills but also learn more about yourself. It is important to get involved as early as possible. Look for organisations such as clubs, societies, teams, church groups, Peer Helping etc. which will give you the opportunity to make a meaningful contribution and learn and practise skills such as communication, leadership and teamwork. By taking on many different roles, you will learn about yourself. You will get to know what you are you good at and what you enjoy. Consider what excites you and what makes you enthusiastic. Make a note of these activities as they may be the very things around which you should build your career. To sum up, the dynamic business environment in this society creates the demand for the employees to continue to learn. Career development is a continuous process to enable employees to excel and sustain themselves in when the business undergoes digitalization, globalisation and differentiation. 2. Compare Hollands approach to career development with Roes. Summarize the similarities and differences.(25 marks) Osipow (1983) classified John Hollands work under the trait approach to career development and Isaacson (1985) classified it under the personality-based theories of career development. Career choice and career adjustment represents an extension of a persons personality. Holland proposed four working assumptions. Hollands assumption on the nature of the personality types includes people develop relatively permanent sets of behaviors or personalities that they seek to express through occupational choices. Besides, Holland assumed that people project their views of themselves and of the work world onto occupational titles. Assessment of these projections serves to identify information about the occupational areas that might be most satisfying for an individual, as well as to illuminate relevant aspects of the individuals personality. Hollands topology based on the several principle theories, first vocational choice is an expression of personality. Vocational choice is not only a reflection of specific aspects of personality. This type of choice expresses who the person is as a whole. For example, it is important to consider their history, their perception of reality and their social context. Second principle is the interest inventories are inventories of personality. Vocational preferences are expressions of personality. Individuals chose an occupation based on their knowledge, their personality and their aptitudes. Therefore, vocational choice is greater than simply using certain abilities within a specific context. It is also a lifestyle, a way of being. Vocational choice is the actualisation of personality as a whole. The next principle is Vocational stereotypes. A number of stereotypes are attached to various professions. Perception of professions differs according to age, experience and social status. Most psychometric assessments do not take into consideration these different perceptions. Individuals could be influenced to stop their vocational choice based on stereotypes that are more or less valid. It is important for a vocational choice to be made based on a realistic perception of various professions. There are a few more principle includes Members of a same profession share personality types and individual stories that are similar, similarities found in a vocational group play a role in the creation of a specific work environment and vocational satisfa ction, its stability and its development are directly attributed to the degree of congruence between the individuals personality and the workplace environment However, there are two major tenets in Ann Roes Theory. First, Freuds psychodynamic preposition that focuses on childhood experience, where what happens in the past affects the present. Second, The Maslows need theory focus on the influences of need to occupational choice, where people look for certain jobs that will help them to fulfil their certain needs. The incorporation of theory in predicting ones occupation will be explained by using Roes Circular Model. In term of findings, Holland found that there are six basic types of work environments in U.S. society; RIASEC. There are six corresponding modal personal orientations; the way the person typically responds to environmental demands; RIASEC. People achieve the most work satisfaction when their work environment matches their modal personal orientation. R / REALISTIC Realistic people are doers. They are independent, stable, persistent, genuine, practical and thrifty. They prefer to deal with things rather than ideas or people. They are no-nonsense, matter-of-fact, down to earth individuals. They excel at tasks that are tactile, motoric, physical, athletic or mechanical. They value things that are natural, concrete and tangible. They like the outdoors, tools, machines, animals and working with their hands. (Farmer, Carpenter, Naturalist, Athlete, Police Officer, Military Personnel, Forester, Landscaper, Mechanic, Sculptor, Veterinarian, Chef, Surgeon, Plumber, Electrician, Pilot, Fire Fighter, Repairer, Animal Breeder, Animal Trainer, Steelworker, Miner) I / INVESTIGATIVE Investigative people are thinkers. They are intellectual, introspective, introverted and inquisitive. They are curious, methodical, rational, analytical and precise. They excel at tasks that are scholarly, abstract, scientific, medical or technical. They enjoy activities that involve thought, observation, investigation, exploration, discovery and exploration. They are avid readers. They like to solve puzzles, perform experiments and engage in research. (Biologist, Chemist, Anthropologist, Sociologist, Historian, Scientist, Medical Doctor, Botanist, Meteorologist, Astronomer, Environmental Analyst, Pharmacist, Optometrist, Dentist, Engineer, Economist, Dietitian, Psychiatrist, Nurse, Coroner, Lab Technician) A / ARTISTIC Artistic people are creators. They are intuitive, sensitive, articulate, expressive and creative. They are unstructured, original and nonconforming. They rely on feelings and imagination. They like to work with abstractions, ideas, concepts and ambiguities. They are emotional, spontaneous and open-minded. They excel at tasks that are literary, verbal, visual and aesthetic. They like art, music, dance, drawing, painting, sculpting, drafting, drama, writing, communications, design and fashion. (Singer, Writer, Dancer, Interior Designer, Painter, Actor, Copy Writer, Playwright, Musician, Composer, Poet, Clothing Designer, Architect, Sketch Artist, Illustrator, Graphic Designer, Printmaker, Cartoonist, Comedian, Choreographer, Photographer) S / SOCIAL Social people are helpers. They are kind, generous, cooperative, patient, caring, helpful, empathetic, tactful and friendly. They excel at socializing, helping others and teaching. They like tasks that involve teamwork, social interaction, building relationships, and the improvement of society. They enjoy activities that are public, humanitarian, developmental, educational, philanthropic, altruistic, interpersonal and service oriented. (Teacher, Counselor, Social Worker, Therapist, Nurse, Care Giver, Psychologist, Minister, Priest, Rabbi, Recruiter, Interviewer, Child Care Worker, Home Economist, Arbitrator, Facilitator, Sociologist, Bartender, Homemaker) E / ENTERPRISING Enterprising people are leaders. They are adventurous, ambitious, assertive, extroverted, energetic, enthusiastic, confident and optimistic. They are dominant, persuasive and motivational. They are promoters. They generally have a contagious or charismatic personality. They excel at business, management, economics, politics, public speaking and salesmanship. Being adventurous and willing to take risks, they possess an entrepreneurial spirit. They like influencing others by guiding, encouraging, directing, preaching, competing or debating. (Politician, Lawyer, Preacher, Coach, Salesperson, Manager, Public Relations Specialist, Promoter, Event Planner, Trainer, Instructor, Consultant, Supervisor, Entertainer, Newscaster, Director, Lobbyist, Buyer, Administrator) C / CONVENTIONAL Conventional people are organizers. They are conscientious and conservative. They are logical, efficient, orderly and organized. They are thorough and detail oriented. They are reliable. They enjoy practical tasks, quantitative measurements, conventional environments and structured situations. They like to work with data and numbers. They like process, procedures, regulations, standards, and rules. They excel at accounting, computer abilities, and clerical skills. They like mathematics, office settings and statistical tasks. (Accountant, Secretary, Banker, Teller, Collector, Bookkeeper, Computer Programmer, Inspector, Auditor, Mathematician, Statistician, Financial Analyst, Data Processor, Scheduler, Filer, Typist, Tax Preparer, Account Analyst, Budget Clerk) However, in term of Ann Roes Theory, Anne Roe suggested that there are 6 occupational level within the 8 fields of occupation. Level 1: Professional and managerial (higher) Have independent responsibility in important aspect, they are involve in the making of pilicy in an organauzation Possessed masters degree or doctor of philisophy Level 2: Professional and managerial (regular) Have medium level responsibility, for self and others; e.g. policy interpretation Possessed bachelors degree Level 3:Semi-professional Have low level responsibility for others; application of policy, or determination for self only Possessed diploma Level 4: Skilled Responsibilities are less autonomy and less initiative permitted Possessed a certificates Level 5: Semi-skilled Responsibilities are less autonomy and less initiative permitted Need informal practices Level 6: Unskilled Responsibilities are less autonomy and less initiative are permitted Do not need specific academic qualification The 6 levels of performance in Roes occupational classification system are based on: Responsibility in the label of work Capacity and skills required for the level of work Complexity of decision making in the level of work The higher the level, the more responsibility, more skills are required, complexity of decision making will increase (Roe Klos, 1972) Figure 1: Basic Comparison of Ann Roes Model and Holland Model Holland Theory Model Another difference between the models was demonstrated on the basic principle. According to Ann Roes work can satisfy needs in different ways. The Occupational groups includes: Service (something for another person); Business contact (selling and supplying services); Organisation (management in business, industry and government); Technology (product maintenance, transportation of commodities utilities); Outdoors (cultivating, preserving gathering natural resources); Science (scientific theory and its application); General culture (preserving and transmitting cultural heritage) Arts and Entertainment (creative art and entertainment). However, Holland focuses on four key concepts: Congruence: compatibility between personality type environment Consistency: similarity among types/ environments Differentiation: degree to which a person/ environment is clearly defined Identity: extent to which a person has a clear self perception of his/her characteristics and gaols, and to the degree of stability which an occupational environment provides. 3. Each student will select one professional article on career development to critique. Your critique should contain four sections: a) title, b) short summary of the content, c)your opinion/critique of the article, including strengths and weaknesses, d) your recommendations for further study by researchers in the field. (25 marks) a) Title A Systemic Approach to Career Development at McDonalds b) Short summary of the content High-engagement approach is applied by Mc Donalds in USA to improve both their operations leadership pipeline and employee satisfaction with their career growth. This approach is initiated by the top management. However, the strategies are supported by middle-management employees. In this article, the authors has identified the approach used embodies McDonalds cultural values of partnership, collaboration, and openness, and effectively ensured that a critical mass of over 100 field officers and 3,000 middle managers embraced the change. c) Your opinion/critique of the article, including strengths and weaknesses d) Your recommendations for further study by researchers in the field This research article is based on qualitative research method. Case study methodology is used in the research is a single case approach. Case studies can be either a single-case design or a multiple-case design. According to Yin (1994), a single-case design is ideal for studying unique or extreme cases, to confirm or challenge a theory or for cases where the researcher did not have access to before. However, the researcher should be careful not to misrepresent what was observed. The following are some types of data collection techniques employed in this case studies (Stake, 1995 and Yin, 1994). The interview is applied in this research. Researcher has interview the top management and middle management at McDonald. The interview is an important technique for data collection and there are two forms of interview are applied in the research, closed or structured Interviews and open-ended Interviews. Open-ended interviews allow subjects to express themselves more freely and insight into events. Besides, observations techniques are used to study the attitude and behaviour of the management and their employees. This direct observation of the employees on satisfaction towards leadership was applied. The researcher used letters, memos, agendas, administrative documents, newspaper articles and any other relevant documents to analyse the operation leadership pipeline. Documents are useful for making inferences about events. Documents are communications between persons in the study. The author has successfully identity the research gap in the journal. The first reason was there are no other studies that have used systemic approach in career development especially in fast food industry. Besides, the objective of this research is rather direct that to study how high-engagement approach to improve both operation leadership pipeline and employee satisfaction. To enhance the writing up for this journal, author can consider providing a small paragraph to indicate the construct or operation definition for culture short and social support. Reader would have a clearer picture how the construct does by providing the operational definition. The author has given a clear and depth discussion in the approach used by McDonald to career development. The area of discussion includes talent management imperative, task force chartered, open, meaningful dialogue across solos, getting broader leadership input and support, the content of the change: a systemic approach. The author supported the discussion with the various previous researches. In the last session of this journal, the author has identified the limitation of the studies and future directions. I feel the discussion on the limitation is not thoroughly considered. Even the research design of cohort studies was mentioned, however the various types of bias was ignored. The limitation of specifying and selecting study sample, non-response, volunteer bias, bogus control bias should be discussed. Besides, the author should take care of limitation in measuring exposure and outcome. Obsequiousness bias, expectation bias and errors that could occur during recording the transcribing data should be fully discuss in the last session. However, the author has given a very clear future direction for other researcher to follow so that they can contribute to the knowledge gap. More researches should be conducted in the area of career development in systemic approach so that a strong fundamental will be provided to support the theory in this area. In my opinion, a quantitative study should be used to study the relationship between leadership and the employees satisfaction. Besides, the cross sectional studies should be conducted to look at various area in career development of the staffs including talent management, training, career planning and others. As conclusion, this journal article provides a good fundamental background for the reader to understand the concept of systemic approach and career development. By understand the concept of systemic approach and career development, intervention program can be done to help to employees to develop a secure career planning in the organisation. 4. Apply a career development theory to your own career development. Using Supers developmental stages, identify your current stage of development and the ages at which you accomplished other stages.(25 marks) I would apply Holand approach in my career development. This approach gives explicit attention to behavioral style or personality types as the major influence in career choice development. This is described as structurally interactive. Family influences, to a certain degree, the development of personality types. For example, my parents promotes investigative abilities, could favour the development of an investigative type personality. Parents pass on some hereditary characteristics that can influence the development of certain personality types. Since my parents are from medical field, I was strongly influenced by them. Also, the family unit is a member of a certain social context. This social context can also participate in the development of certain personality traits According to Holand, there are 6 types of personality traits. Realistic work with hands, machines, tools, active, practical, adventurous Vocational preferences Prefer concrete occupations (e.g.: carpentry) that are relatively solitary and do require a lot of interaction with people Their range of interests is relatively restricted. They limit their relations and seek people who share the same values, interests and beliefs as they do Values and career objectives Possess traditional values and prefer to work within an institutional setting Have many ambitions and see the practical side of things Rather close minded when it comes to changing their belief system or their values Investigative thought, analytical approaches, explore, knowledge, ideas, not social Vocational preference Prefer activities that require observation, systematic investigation of natural, biological, cultural, medical or technical phenomenons They seek to understand and control what is happening This type does not invest much in social or interpersonal activities Values and career objectives Their values influence them to seek academic activities where they can feel a sense of autonomy and personal independence They are intellectuals who like logic and can be ambitious. Their belief system is open However, family, security and friendship are values that are less important to them Artistic literary, musical, artistic activities, emotional, creative, open Vocational preference Prefer artistic activities and avoid conventional type activities Like to socialise with people who have similar values and belief systems as they do, and avoid people who do not Values and career objectives Believe aesthetics are very important. They have an expressive, courageous and imaginative personality Avoid conformity and servility Belief system is very open open to new ideas and to the feelings of others Social train, inform, educate, help, supportive, avoid technical skills, empathy, relationships Vocational preference Prefer occupations with social requirements Avoid more realistic type activities Associate with people who share similar values and beliefs as they do Values and career objectives Like to serve others in a medical, institutional or community setting Want to help and believe in equal opportunities Are not attracted to the world of ideas or logic Find spiritual values important Enterprising verbally skilled, persuasive, direct, leader, dominant Vocational preference Prefer activities that put their business skills to work Like to develop in the business world Avoid activities that require research or investigative work. Prefer to be with people who share similar values and beliefs as they do Values and career objectives They have a traditional belief and value system Strive to become leaders and manage others They are very ambitious They take pride in their physical appearance and aim to climb the social ladder Conventional rules and routines, provide order or direct structure, great self control, respect power and status, punctual, orderly Vocational preference Prefer conventional type activities like accounting, finances or administration Avoid artistic type activities Like to be with people who are similar to them and avoid people who are different The diagram summarises the characteristics of the Holland type of expression. Holland Types are usually expressed in 3 letters- Ex: RIA Realistic R C I E A S E A S SS Conventional Investigative Enterprising Artistic Social Most Masculine Types R E Most Prestigious Types I E Most Feminine Types A S Least Prestigious Types R C From my profile, I found that I belong to IRS. Hence, it represents the career I am doing now as a medical specialist. Super Developmental Stage Vocational development is the process of developing and implementing a self-concept. As the self-concept becomes more realistic and stable, so does vocational choice and behavior. People choose occupations that permit them to express their self-concepts. Work satisfaction is related to the degree that theyve been able to implement their self-concepts.Career maturity includes readiness to cope with developmental tasks at a given stage. It is both affective and cognitive. Most career education programs have been affected by Supers ideas. They provide gradual exposure to self-concepts and work concepts in curriculum that represents Supers ideas of career development/vocational maturity. (National Career Development Guideline Standards) I am currently at establishment stage. (25 40 year old). In this age, the major tasks are to find secure niche in ones field and advance within it. I have found my permanent and appropriate field of work when working and establishing my work in the field of medical. Besides, I have expanded my field of working in the area of business, consultancy and training. These years are considered to be the most productive and creative years of the life span. I am able to work for more than 24 hours without sleep to complete a task. The energetic during this stage motivates us to work under stress and pressure. Not only that, in this trial and stabilization stage, I have undergone the process of settling down, if unsatisfactory may make 1-2 more changes before the right job is found. I have been trying to work in various environment including private and government sectors. After trying various working environment, I learn a few concept and decided not to work for any organisation and work for my own. I believe a concept that, if working in an organisation, the maximum they are able to pay me is RM 10 000. However, if I work for several organisation, I am very sure it would be more than working singularly in one organisatiom. It is proven now that I have multiple income. During this stage I begin to support myself and my family. I have to start to buy my own belongings like properties, car and investment in share markets. I start to understand the tangible assets and intangible assets. All these development enable me to appreciate the real concept of self dependency. Besides, I begin to develop a lifestyle, make use of their abilities and past training. I also begin to become involved in meaningful interests. It further to advancement where the efforts directed at securing ones position, acquiring seniority, developing skills, demonstrating superior performance, resume building actions. I have tried to development myself by attending various conferences, writing various journals articles to be published in order to establish myself in my career. Besides, I start to write in various magazines and books to create my personal branding in the organisation. After several years of hard work, my name can be googled and it is popular among bloggers internationally. In addition, I begin to become more focused on my place in their occupation. Job title, remuneration has become my main focus on all tasks in my career. Not only that, I start to become interested in my work security and advancement. I create my own company and ensure the company has the fix income and passive income to support my expenses. Besides, before investing further, I would ensure my budgeting is done completely so that I would run into financial crisis. Hence, I also have the expectation that they will become financially stable and move towards challenging levels of responsibility and independence. Sometimes, this stage may become very frustrating if advancement is not forth coming In short, in this stage I realise that I become s

The Fantastical Elements of Lerouxs The Phantom of the Opera Essay exa

The Fantastical Elements of Leroux's The Phantom of the Opera      Ã‚   In Gaston Leroux's The Phantom of the Opera fantastic literature is displayed at its best. Originally published in 1911, this French writer produced one of the most famous novels in French history. Created into a play and a musical produced by Andrew Lloyd Webber, this story has touched millions. However, this transition from a novel to a theatrical performance has caused much of the story to be left out of the production. When viewed in its entirety, the novel exhibits many fantastical elements. Leroux's The Phantom of the Opera meets all of the requirements of fantastic literature. These characteristics do not resemble those of Magical Realism extensively. The novel has many realistic qualities that may mask the fantastic elements. The background and setting are recognizable as a French opera house set in Paris. The characters use familiar, if out dated, dialect. The era in which the story takes place, the late eighteen hundreds, is also very realistic. Horses and carriages are still used as the mode of transportation, the musical pieces sung in the novel are pieces that would be sung at other operas during that time period, and the style of clothing is what would be expected of the era. This base of reality is common to both Magical Realism as well as Fantastic literature. The attitudes of the characters are also very realistic. At the masked ball, the Parisians take part whole heartedly, accepting the idea of masking their identity as the normal ball activity. In today's time, the dressing incognito idea is an unusual one. The characters do not accept the idea of the "Opera Ghost" as a real ghost and many exhibit a disbelief, as they would in rea... ...re into a masterpiece that would be famous for almost one hundred years after its publication date. He also creates a false history of the tale, claiming it can found in any French records, if one only takes the time to look. Leroux's The Phantom of the Opera meets all of the requirements of fantastic literature. Through meeting these requirements of the Fantastic, this work also pulls itself out of the category of Magical Realism. Written in such an eerie tone, and with the horror found in its pages, it is no wonder that The Phantom of the Opera is included as horror or mystery besides its standing as a classical novel. Works Cited Leroux, Gaston. The Phantom of the Opera. New York: Signet Classic, 1987. Todorov, Tzvetan. The Fantastic: A Structural Approach to a Literary Form. Cleveland: The Press of Case Weston Reserve University, 1973. pp 168-174. The Fantastical Elements of Leroux's The Phantom of the Opera Essay exa The Fantastical Elements of Leroux's The Phantom of the Opera      Ã‚   In Gaston Leroux's The Phantom of the Opera fantastic literature is displayed at its best. Originally published in 1911, this French writer produced one of the most famous novels in French history. Created into a play and a musical produced by Andrew Lloyd Webber, this story has touched millions. However, this transition from a novel to a theatrical performance has caused much of the story to be left out of the production. When viewed in its entirety, the novel exhibits many fantastical elements. Leroux's The Phantom of the Opera meets all of the requirements of fantastic literature. These characteristics do not resemble those of Magical Realism extensively. The novel has many realistic qualities that may mask the fantastic elements. The background and setting are recognizable as a French opera house set in Paris. The characters use familiar, if out dated, dialect. The era in which the story takes place, the late eighteen hundreds, is also very realistic. Horses and carriages are still used as the mode of transportation, the musical pieces sung in the novel are pieces that would be sung at other operas during that time period, and the style of clothing is what would be expected of the era. This base of reality is common to both Magical Realism as well as Fantastic literature. The attitudes of the characters are also very realistic. At the masked ball, the Parisians take part whole heartedly, accepting the idea of masking their identity as the normal ball activity. In today's time, the dressing incognito idea is an unusual one. The characters do not accept the idea of the "Opera Ghost" as a real ghost and many exhibit a disbelief, as they would in rea... ...re into a masterpiece that would be famous for almost one hundred years after its publication date. He also creates a false history of the tale, claiming it can found in any French records, if one only takes the time to look. Leroux's The Phantom of the Opera meets all of the requirements of fantastic literature. Through meeting these requirements of the Fantastic, this work also pulls itself out of the category of Magical Realism. Written in such an eerie tone, and with the horror found in its pages, it is no wonder that The Phantom of the Opera is included as horror or mystery besides its standing as a classical novel. Works Cited Leroux, Gaston. The Phantom of the Opera. New York: Signet Classic, 1987. Todorov, Tzvetan. The Fantastic: A Structural Approach to a Literary Form. Cleveland: The Press of Case Weston Reserve University, 1973. pp 168-174.

The Use of Intensity and Passion as Resources for Social Transformation

Baldwin saw his race lynched, beaten, and emotionally tormented, alongside white America’s indifference towards this social problem. He witnessed firsthand the shortcomings of his country. Meanwhile, his father obfuscated this intense reality, which likely paralleled a similarly hidden reality of white people his age whose parents repeatedly eluded such inequalities because it was easier than facing them head-on. For Baldwin, trouncing social injustice requires the white man’s knowledge of how to love the Negro, to love one must suffer reality by facing their fears of experiencing the wicked and unknown. Ironically, the only wicked and unknown is that of the white man’s private fears and longings projected onto the Negro, fear of the burdensome reality that life is tragic and death is inevitable. The Negro more or less accepts his eventual death, since throughout American history he was raped, tortured, humiliated, and experienced a loss of human identity and human authority from confronting the twisted beauty of suffering (Baldwin, 98-99). The Negro was forced to face sensuality, that which Anglo-Teutonic, anti-sexual Whites have not (Baldwin, 43 & 30). â€Å"The [white] person who distrusts himself has no touchstone for reality—for this touchstone can be only oneself† (Baldwin, 43). It is for this reason that the Negro must rise-up, assuming that any potential for social justice rests in his hands. The few relatively conscious whites and relatively conscious blacks must, â€Å"like lovers, insist on, or create, the consciousness of others† (Baldwin, 105). Up to this point in American History, blacks and whites have instead experienced universal joylessness (Baldwin, 43). To the white man’s benefit, love for the Negro absolves his ... ...rm their own lives, at the same time the members desire to learn from the students and from inspired self-reflection about how they can transform their own lives. On the other end of the spectrum, extremist examples of passion and intensity used as resources for transformation include groups like Wikileaks.org, Al-Qaida, and the Dove Community Outreach Center. Such resources may invoke the spirit of war, rebellion, and deceit, detract from societal progress and antagonize tensions already rooted in sensitive geopolitical relationships. However, we must recognize that outside the western world, many people see these resources as positive for social and personal transformation. Ascertainable from these diverse resources is that passion and intensity may be leveraged regardless of geographical, political, or social divides, to effect diverse social and personal change.

The Fabry Disease :: essays research papers fc

The Fabry Disease Classification   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Fabry Disease is a hereditary disorder, caused by the lack of alphagalactosidase A. It is an x-linked recessive inheritance. Therefore it is the females that carry it. The ones who are mostly affected by this disease are the males. Female carriers, though, may develop angiokeratomas and may have problems with burning pains. Very few of the carriers may also have kidney or heart problems. This disease occurs in 1 of 40,000 people. Descriptions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A person with the Fabry disease develops angiokeratomas, which are clusters of raised, dot-like lesions. Appearing during childhood or puberty in the genital and thigh areas, these angiokeratomas increase in size and number. Other symptoms of this disease are burning pains in hand or feet, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pains, dizziness, headaches and generalized weakness. Swelling of the legs, caused by the gathering of lymph, a yellowish body fluid, under the skin may also occur. Skin will show telangiectasis, inflated intra- epidermal (intra - within, epidermal - outer layer) spaces filled with blood. Places (vessel wall) where there is no telangiectasis are filled with deposits of glycolipids. These deposits are also found in the heart, muscles, renal tubules and glomeruli, central nervous system, spleen, liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes and cornea. Retarded growth, delayed puberty and ocular abnormalities are also common symptoms. These symptoms are mostly fond in males because they display full-blown syndrome, while females displays a partial form. Diagnosis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They firsts take a urine sample, which is the first place where they would find anything. Then they would take a blood, bone marrow and ophthalmologic examination.

To Kill a Mocking Bird

In Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mocking Bird, Atticus Finch possesses many characteristics that shape him as a man, a lawyer and a father. Atticus is a wise man, devoted to justice and equality, and who feels it is his duty to live his public life as he does his private life. Atticus is also a very honest and loving father who has nothing but the best intentions for his children, Scout and Jem. Atticus is devoted to putting his legal profession before his self-image, or public perception, and is able to realize that the individual worth of a man without incorporating physical appearances.All the positive characteristics Atticus Finch possesses contribute to the reason why he is very respected and liked by most of the people of Macomb County as well as his family and close friends. Atticus living his public life as he does his private life defines what he stands for and holds a duty he feels is important for him to fulfill as a man. When Atticus and Sherriff Heck Tate discuss what ca used Bob Ewell’s death the night he attacked Jem and Scout, the Sheriff tells Atticus that Bob killed himself when he fell on his knife.However, Atticus does not believe Heck and he believes that Jem killed Bob and tells Heck Tate â€Å"If they [Scout and Jem] hear me saying downtown something different happened-Heck I wont have them anymore. I cant live one way in town and another way in my home. †(367) This quote shows Atticus is willing and devoted to make any sacrifice to live an honest and unconcealed life including letting the public know, Jem killed Bob Ewell.Atticus always tries to be the best father he can by trying to get his kids to notice and appreciate all of the good things that are present in the world even in such a prejudice and discriminatory town such as Maycomb during the 1930’s. When Atticus and Jem are talking about the recently deceased Mrs. Dubose, Atticus tells Jem. â€Å"Courage is not a man with a gun in his hand. It is knowing you're licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. You rarely win, but sometimes you do. †(149) By telling this to Jem Atticus taught Jem an important life lesson.He taught Jem success is not always about winning, but instead just trying to fight for a good cause. Atticus believed you were successful if you fought for a good cause, even if you failed. Atticus is committed to always doing the right thing when it comes to his profession whether it means he will be risking his reputation or even his life. This trait of Atticus is clearly demonstrated when Scout questions Atticus about the Tom Robinson case and says, â€Å"Atticus, are we going to win it† and he replies â€Å"No, honey† which leads to her question â€Å"Then why-† (101).Atticus is revealing to Scout that even though he has more to lose than to gain out of this situation he is accepting of that because he is doing what his conscience is telling him is the noble , fair thing to do, and he is trying to ignore all the negative influences that appears to him in Maycomb County. This is also revealed when Atticus is protecting Tom from a group of dangerous men who are looking for revenge outside the jail. Atticus holds them off and risks his own safety to protect Tom because he knew Tom did not deserve what those men outside the jail were looking to do to him that night. Atticus is a humble, honest and devoted man.He is one of the few people in society who puts the needs of others before himself. By sharing the characteristics he acquired over many years with his children he is supporting them with the foundation to living a morally good life according to the standards of what they believe is right and wrong and not what it is made out to be by society. By sharing his knowledge and skills as a lawyer with those who are wrongfully convicted he is establishing justice in those parts in which justice seems not to exist. Atticus Finch is a man of go od moral who sets a perfect example for those who are looking for a role model, a hero, and a loving father. To kill a mocking bird To Kill a Mockingbird Courage cannot be defined with simple words but rather by an individual's actions. Despite many different definitions courage is someone's internal fortitude to do something that may frighten others. In To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, Gem's definition of courage changes from the beginning to the end of the book. At the beginning of the book Gem's definition of courage is from an innocent perspective and by the end of the book Gem has an experienced definition of courage.Gem learns the lea definition of courage from it being demonstrated in his everyday life in Macomb. At the beginning of Harper Lee's , To Kill a Mockingbird Gem shows a naive, innocent view of courage because of his fears. Dill dears Gem to touch the Raddled house, which has always been one of his worst fears. Gem displays courage by touching the Raddled and hides his angst when reporting back to Dill and Scout. Gem dreads touching the Raddled house only because of his scary childlike imagi nation. Lee writes,†Gem threw open the gate and sped to the side of the house, slapped it with is alma and ran back past us†(118).Gem's courage comes into play when he is told to do something he terrifies by his peers. Gem continues to demonstrate an innocent perspective of courage in the early part of the novel. Gem still has an inexperienced view of courage because he is still at a youth and is immature to his surroundings. Gem's youthful imagination forms ideas to get in contact with the horrifying Boo Raddled. He decides to put a note on a fishing pole and stick it threw the Raddled window. The note was asking Boo out for ice cream, so the children can meet him.Harper Lee says, â€Å"Were asking him real politely to come out sometimes, and tell us what he does in there – we said we wouldn't hurt him and we'd buy him an ice cream† (62). Gem's perspective of courage is slowly starting to advance because he was scared to death when he first went on the Rad dled property. Gem demonstrates an innocent perspective on courage by engaging in childish games but he begins to learn the real view of courage by witnessing his dad in action. Gem believes Tactics doesn't have courage until he shoots the Mad Dog to save the community from harm, UT Gem's view is still a naive one.The Mad Dog is beginning to approach in the distance when Officer Heck Tate throws Tactics the gun. Tactics takes the gun and walks to the center of the street showing no hesitation. Even though Tactics hasn't shot a gun in 30 years he kills Mad Dog with a single shot showing an outrageous amount of courage. Lee states, â€Å"In the fog, Gem watched our father take the gun and walk out into the middle of the street† (127). Tactics has an abundant amount of courage, even to something that he hasn't done in 30 years. Although Gem thinksTactics shooting the dog is courageous, he learns the real definition through the actions of Mrs.. Dubos. Gem's adult definition of co urage is beginning to form from experience in the Macomb community. Gem learns the real definition of courage from Mrs.. Dubos who was a recovering morphine addict . Mrs.. Dubos makes a goal for herself to die free of her weakness. She dies UN-addicted to morphine and she is Gem's real definition of courage. Harper Lee says, â€Å"When you are licked before you begin but you begin anyway and see it through no matter what† (119).Mrs.. Double's fight exemplifies to Gem, no matter how hard something looks to never give up. Mrs.. Dubos didn't give up on her morphine addiction and came out on top. Mrs.. Debase teaches Gem the true definition of courage, and Gem does a fantastic Job exemplifying it in front of the courthouse. Gem is beginning to have an experienced adult like sense of courage. In front of the courthouse Tactics is sitting one night and the mob shows up asking to see Tom Robinson. Gem and the kids run to Tactics because they knew his life is in danger.Tactics tells the kids to leave and Gem shows an extraordinary amount of courage saying that he wasn't leaving. A mob member grabbers Gem telling Tactics he will make him leave. Scout stares kicking the man in the shins and eventually put Gem down. Gem still refuses to leave his father and tells him we are staying. Lee says† Tactics stood trying to make Gem mind him. I ant going was his steady answer to Attic's threat request and finally † please take them home Gem† (204). Gem not leaving his fathers side until the mob departed shows how courageous Gem is becoming.Gem demonstrates an innocent perspective on courage by engaging in childish games, but he begins to learn the real view of courage witnessing his dad in action. Gem is beginning to demonstrate a more experienced sense of courage, from confronting the mob to saving Scout from Bob Lowell. Although Gem previously had a naive perspective of courage he now has a more experienced and adult like sense of courage. Gem and Scou t are attacked when walking home from the Halloween play. Gem pushes Bob Lowell off of Scout saving her from any serious injuries.If Gem didn't push Bob Lowell off of Scout then he would eve mostly likely stabbed and killed her. Gem Jumped in and freed Scout from being harmed potentially in any way. Harper Lee states, â€Å"His stomach was soft but his arms were like steel. He slowly squeezed the breath out of me. I could not move. Suddenly he Jerked me back and forth to the ground, almost carrying me with him† (351). Gem will not let Bob Lowell hurt his little sister in anyway so he does everything in his power to protect her from being injured. After Gem learns the real actions of courage and has an experienced view he saves Scout from Bob Lowell. To Kill a Mocking Bird Harper Lee’s To kill a mockingbird was written to portray the racism and the moral conscience of the mind within society. It is set in the 1930’s which is after the Great Depression and a starting movement for the Civil Rights fight in the USA. The novel was written in the 1960’s portraying the universal contextual issues of racism existed then and even now. Lee uses multiple narrative techniques to explore the major inequality and injustice of life but also allow the audience to know that these contextual ideas and issues can be broken and change. Maycomb is set up by Lee to reflect the racism of society as well as its injustice and inequality that many ‘black’ men and women faced in the 1930’s – 1960’s. Tom Robinson, an African American that has been created by Lee to become the symbol of the injustice and inequality of Maycomb. The town ceases to acknowledge the equality and justice of life and conform to racism like most towns and countries at the time. The handful of people in this town who say that fair play is not marked White Only†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Lee’s use of innuendo portrays Maycomb as an ignorant town, with racism mixed within their everyday lives and the racial inequalities that are given to all African American. Lee’s uses of dialogues distinguish the racial segregation between the white and black people of Maycomb and the social class that they are categorised as. Harper Lee shows the juxtaposition of the two different races by portraying it through their dialogues, th is is most effectively shown through the court scene when Tom Robinson was being crossed examine by Mr Gilmer. Tom answers always start with â€Å"Yes, sir† whereas Mr Gilmer refers to him as a â€Å"boy†, this use of slang juxtaposes to the formal high classed words of Tom’s which conveyed the audience the contrast between a white and black American and suggests that a white skinned person is not any better than an African American. The juxtaposition also allowed the readers to sympathised with Tom Robinson and feel outraged as Tom is being called a ‘boy’. Emphasising the racial segregation of the 1930’s when the Great Depression drove fear into the white people and made them believe that the African Americans are taking over their jobs. Symbols are also used to convey the audience about the racial injustice and inequality that life has created. A â€Å"mockingbird† has been killed when Tom was convicted and shot in jail; the symbolism of a mockingbird is Harper Lee's representation of an innocent, kind hearted being and a ‘sin’ is put upon the white racist people of Maycomb. Another ymbolism is the ‘roly-poly’ inside the Finches’ house, when Scout wanted to crushed it, Jem told her: â€Å"They don’t bother you† the assonance of the letter ‘o’ echoes an angelic sound, this also symbolises Tom Robinson as he doesn’t bother anyone but due to his skin colour he is treated differently, just like the ‘roly-poly’ in Scout’s room, it canâ€⠄¢t help itself but be who it is. The use of these symbols throughout the novel creates a nature motif, highlighting that the nature is harmonised and peaceful in its own way. These symbols and motifs effectively highlight the racism of society and its influences on the injustice of life. The trial of Tom Robinson resonate the injustice that most African American suffered in the USA in 1930’s. The justice system that said to give all men of all race in the USA fair justice fail to do its job and was shown through the jury and the racial inequality that they gave Tom Robinson. â€Å"When it’s a white man’s words against a black man’s, the white man always wins† Lee’s use of repetition of the word ‘white’ and ‘man’ further emphasises the injustice of the social order and also allows the audience to experience and be able to feel the empathy for the African American. The white jury symbolises the injustice and racial inequality prejudice that has been created for the society. Though Atticus had proved to the jury that Tom was innocent and the evidences are undeniable, they still convicted Tom as guilty though inside, they know it’s them that are guilty. The oxymoron, ‘They couldn’t be fair if they tried’ holds a contradictory thought, suggesting that racism has been weaved into the fabric of the town and the justice system; hence the men couldn’t be fair. Even though the town is contaminated with its injustice and racism, Lee still allows some hope to shine. The character Atticus is an example of this. Lee portrays Atticus throughout the novel as a responsible father, a fine citizen and the most compassionate person within the small town. â€Å"The shadow of a new beginning† this metaphor said by Atticus allows Lee to reflect the society of 1960’s and even today’s society. The use of shadow suggests that a new beginning is approaching because shadows are always connected to its owner and it is always nearby. This also shows that Atticus has the most moral within Maycomb and that with his teachings, Jem and Scout would be able to be the new generation of hope that would stop the segregation. Lee uses the character developments of Scout to present the innocence and pure thoughts of a child in contrast to the growing up Jem who is starting to learn the way life works and that it is classified. â€Å"There’s four kinds of folks in the world. † – Jem the quote suggests the segregation and its inequality as to how people are categorised and divided, this is all due to the racism and social inequality. However, Scout said: â€Å"I think there’s just one kind of folks. Folks. † this quote shows the naive thinking and an innocent perspective of a child, helping Lee to convey to the audience that life is not always that easy, but there are some sparks of hope for the racist and injustice society of the USA. Harper Lee was able to display the segregation of race and the injustice of life through To kill a mocking bird shows that the moral conscience is the most important aspects a human can possess. Atticus, Universal contextual issues†¦ To kill a mocking bird represents the racism that everyday lives hold. Harper Lee showed the contextual issues within society through multiple uses of narrative techniques. Racism, the injustice of society and the human’s * Tom Robinson, a black man becomes the victim of racial inequality as he was accused by Bob Ewell, a white trash, of a crime that he did not commit. Harper Lee’s To kill a mocking bird represents